Seham A. Ibrahim

Histopathological and histochemical changes in the liver of Bagrus bayad caused by environmental pollution.

This study focused on two areas (Abu-Zaabal and El-Tal El-Kabir) of the Ismailia canal. The samples represented the effect of the factories’ effluent discharge onto the canal. Physical characteristics (water temperature and pH) and chemical characteristics (total hardness, dissolved oxygen, biological oxygen demand and chemical oxygen demand) were measured to identify the water quality in the two areas of the Ismailia canal. These measurements showed slight variations between the two stations. Additionally, the histological and histochemical analyses in the liver of Bagrus bayad fish samples were done. Histological studies of liver showed more severe degeneration in the fish samples of El-Tal El-Kabir station. Histochemical studies on protein and glycogen contents in the liver of B. bayad showed a progressive decrease in their staining intensity to bromophenol blue and periodic acid Schiff at two stations. This study, therefore, concludes that Ismailia canal water (Abu-Zaabal and El-Tall El-Kabir) stations create metabolic crisis and impairment in fish liver. The depletion in the levels of protein and glycogen points leads to the exhaustion of cell energy that is of high demand for fish during stressful conditions. Therefore, it is imperative for the authorities concerned to ensure that treated effluent discharge comply with acceptable standards to save our environment from destruction.

Structural Alterations in Gills , Liver and Ovaries of Tilapia Fish ( Saratherodon Galilaeus ) as a Biomarker for Environmental Pollution in Ismalia Canal

The present work studied the histological changes in gills, liver and ovaries of Tilapia fish (Saratherodon galilaeus) subjected to disturbed urban stream (sewage and industrial contamination) of two sites (ELaakada and EL-amerya) on Ismailia Canal during summer season. The most common lesions in gills were epithelial lifting, hyperplasia and hypertrophy of the respiratory epithelium, and lamellar fusion. Liver hepatocytes showed hypertrophied, cytoplasmic and nuclear degeneration, inflammatory cells aggregates and focal areas of necrosis. The ovary showed widened vitellogenic space filled with huge debris, the oogonial cells and immature oocytes were in the process of degeneration particularly at the ooplasmic level. The most sever lesions were comparatively in the liver. It is concluded that histopathology can used as a biomarker for study the effect of pollutants in organs of fish.

Histopathogical Alterations in Fish Organs as Potential and Direct Biomarkers of Pollution

In the present study, the histological structures of the liver, intestine, stomach and ovary of Lates niloticus from Lake Nasser (Kalabsha station) were studied during spring season, 2013. Several histopathological changes were observed in liver, intestine, stomach and ovary of the studied fish. In the liver, vacuolar degeneration, focal areas of necrosis, destruction of hepatoportal blood vessels and haemorrhage between the hepatocytes were observed. Besides, intravascular haemolysis and dilation and congestion were noticed in sinusoids. The histological changes in stomach and intestine included fused villi, the outer membrane of villi were broken, hemorrhage in the sub mucosa region and cells swelling. In the ovary, degenerative and atretic oocytes, proliferative changes in the granulosa of the oocytes, haemorrhage between the oocytes and intravascular haemolysis in some ovarian blood vessels were seen.