Selami Suma

Effects of tamoxifen on pulmonary fibrosis after cobalt-60 radiotherapy in breast cancer patients.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE This study was performed to investigate whether the tamoxifen (TAM) induced the development of pulmonary fibrosis after post-mastectomy cobalt-60 (Co-60) irradiation of chest wall and regional lymphatics in patients with breast cancer along with patient age, menopausal status, body weight, observation time and adjuvant chemotherapy regimens. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this prospective study, 74 patients treated with post-mastectomy adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) and TAM and 37 patients treated with RT were evaluated by axial computerized tomography (CT). CT was first performed before initiation of radiotherapy and TAM treatment. A total of 824 thorax CT sections were evaluated by a radiologist blindly. Comparison of pre-treatment and post-treatment CT sections was used to monitor the development of pulmonary fibrosis. RESULTS Pulmonary fibrosis developed in 26 of 74 patients who were treated with RT and TAM combination. It was found in five of 37 women treated only with RT. The difference was statistically significant (P<0.01). The median time for the development of pulmonary fibrosis was 8 months in TAM-treated patients whereas it was 10 months in non-TAM-treated patients. Among 111 patients who participated in that study, 65 were in the post-menopausal state and 46 in pre-menopausal state. In the multivariate analysis, the independent prognostic factors were age (P=0.010) and menopausal status (P=0.019). Advanced age and post-menopausal status predisposed to pulmonary fibrosis. The time interval in the development of lung fibrosis and body weight did not significantly influence the results. The time interval which is one independent prognostic factor was found to be associated with lung fibrosis under only-RT group in multivariate analysis (P<0.01). CONCLUSION TAM treatment during post-mastectomy RT in breast cancer patients significantly increases the risk of the development of lung fibrosis along with the patient age and menopausal status.

The Clinical, Radiological and Surgical Aspects of Cerebral Hydatid Cysts in Children

A series of 13 pediatric patients underwent surgery for cerebral hydatid cysts at the Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery between 1993 and 2003. Headache and motor weakness were the main initial signs of these patients. A round cystic lesion was the characteristic appearance on computed tomography of each patient. Different cyst locations such as the liver, kidney or spleen were detected in 5 patients. Surgery using Dowling’s technique was performed in all patients as the main treatment. Intraoperative rupture and cyst recurrence were observed in only 1 patient. Subdural effusion, intraparenchymal air and hemorrhage were the main complications observed after surgery. None of the patients died after surgery. Because of its efficacy combined with excellent results, surgery is currently the method of choice in the treatment of cerebral hydatid cyst in children.

Color Doppler Sonographically Guided Transthoracic Needle Aspiration of Lung and Mediastinal Masses

Objective. This study investigated the diagnostic value of color Doppler sonographically guided transthoracic needle aspiration in lung and mediastinal masses. Methods. B‐mode and color Doppler sonographic images were obtained in 48 patients with mediastinal or peripheral pulmonary tumors. Color Doppler sonography was used to show the vascular structures before the transthoracic needle aspiration procedure. It was also used to locate the needle tip during the procedure by showing the twinkling sign. This maneuver was performed with motion of the inner stylet. Pathologic and microbiological examination of the aspirates was made. Results. Vascular structures were detected in 37 cases on color Doppler images and in 10 cases on B‐mode images. Similarly, the needle tip was observed in 39 cases on color Doppler images but in only 9 cases on B‐mode images. No complications were observed except partial pneumothorax in 2 cases. The method had sensitivity of 90.0%, specificity of 87.5%, a positive predictive value of 97.2%, a negative predictive value of 63.6%, and diagnostic accuracy of 89.6%. Conclusions. Color Doppler sonographically guided transthoracic needle aspiration is a safe diagnostic method in malignant lung tumors, especially peripheral tumors, because of its ability to differentiate vascular structures within a tumor before the transthoracic needle aspiration procedure. It provides additional information about the location of the needle tip.

Abdominal, Scrotal, and Thoracic Calcifications Owing to Healed Meconium Peritonitis

Meconium peritonitis is a form of chemical peritonitis resulting from in utero perforation of the gastrointestinal tract, with subsequent leakage of sterile meconium into the peritoneal cavity and the potential spaces connected with it. Involvement of the tunica vaginalis may be the sole presenting clinical manifestation of the gut perforation resolving spontaneously. In such instances, radiologically detectable calcifications in the abdomen, scrotum, and thorax are essential diagnostic points. In this study, a 4-month-old baby with abdominal, scrotal, and thoracic calcifications owing to healed meconium peritonitis is presented.

Neurenteric Cyst of the Upper Cervical Spine: Excision via Posterior Approach

Neurenteric cyst of the cervical spine is an uncommon congenital lesion and usually associated with many craniocervical anomalies. Solitary neurenteric cyst of the upper cervical spine is very rare. Surgery is the main treatment method. An 11-year-old female child presented with the symptoms of neck pain that radiated to both shoulders and arms. Magnetic resonance imaging of the patient showed a cystic mass lesion ventral to the spinal cord and lying at the level from C1 to C3. She underwent surgical resection via a posterior approach and complete cyst resection was performed. Although removal of a neurenteric cyst through a posterior approach may result in spinal cord injury, this method is easier and safer than the anterior approach, especially in children.

Magnetic Resonance Arthrography of the Glenohumeral Joint: Ultrasonography-Guided Technique Using a Posterior Approach

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy and feasibility of ultrasound (US)-guided magnetic resonance (MR) arthrography of the glenohumeral joint via a posterior approach. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-four patients (18 males and 16 females) who were suspected to have glenohumeral joint pathology were examined using MR arthrography. The patients ranged in age from 21 to 85 years, and the average age was 45±15.9 years. A Toshiba Xario US unit was utilized. Ultrasonography examinations were conducted using a broad-band 5-12 MHz linear array transducer. Gadolinium was injected into the shoulder joint using an 18-20 gauge needle. MR imaging was performed within the first 30 min after the injection. RESULTS The injection of gadolinium into the shoulder joint was successfully accomplished in all 34 patients. Major contrast media extravasation outside the joint was depicted in only two patients (5.9%). No major complications were encountered. CONCLUSION Ultrasonography is an effective alternate guidance technique for the injection of gadolinium into the glenohumeral joint for MR arthrography. US-guided arthrography via a posterior approach to the glenohumeral joint is safe, accurate, well tolerated by patients and easy to perform with minimal training.