Selen İlgün

Synthesis and characterization of green tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze) extract and its major components-based nanoflowers: a new strategy to enhance antimicrobial activity

In this study, for the first time, a novel organic–inorganic nanobio-antimicrobial agent called “nanoflowers” (Nfs) from Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze extracts and its main components were produced and the increase in the antimicrobial activity of the Nfs was elucidated. While the green tea (GT) extract (obtained in ethanol and water) and its main components (caffeine, catechin) were involved as organic components in the formation of the Nfs, copper(II) ions (Cu2+) were the inorganic component. The structures of the Nfs were examined with several techniques such as Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR) and Energy-Dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy. The structural examination demonstrated that the presence of Cu–O and Cu–N bonds in Nfs can be an indication of the Nfs formation. Antimicrobial activities of the free GT extracts, caffeine (cf), catechin (ct) and their Nfs were systematically studied against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) and Candida albicans (ATCC 90028) with broth microdilution and short time-kill assay. The peroxidase-mimicking activity depending on a Fenton-like reaction mechanism of the Nfs was measured against guaiacol in the presence of H2O2. In addition, total phenol contents of free GT extracts and their Nfs were calculated by Folin Ciocalteu method. Our results demonstrated that plant extract based Nfs technology is promising and may find potential applications in various scientific and technical fields.

Phenolic Composition, Anti-inflammatory, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Alchemilla mollis (Buser) Rothm

The current study was designed to evaluate the antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory and antimicrobial activities of Alchemilla mollis (Buser) Rothm. (Rosaceae) aerial parts extracts. Chemical composition was analyzed by spectrophotometric and chromatographic (HPLC) techniques. The antioxidant properties assessed included DPPH· and ABTS·+ radical scavenging, β‐carotene‐linoleic acid co‐oxidation assay. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated with disc diffusion and micro dilution method. In order to evaluate toxicity of the extracts, with the sulforhodamine B colorimetric assay L929 cell line (mouse fibroblast) was used. The anti‐inflammatory activities of the potent antioxidant extracts (methanol, 70% methanol, and water extracts) were determined by measuring the inhibitory effects on NO production and pro‐inflammatory cytokine TNF‐α levels in lipopolysaccharide stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. 70% methanol and water extracts which were found to be rich in phenolic compounds (184.79 and 172.60 mg GAE/g extract) showed higher antioxidant activity. Luteolin‐7‐O‐glucoside was the main compound in the extracts. Ethyl acetate and 70% methanol extracts showed higher antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella enteritidis with MIC value of 125 μg/ml. 70% methanol extract potentially inhibited the NO and TNF‐α production (18.43 μm and 1556.22 pg/ml, respectively, 6 h).

Essential Oil Composition of Scaligeria napiformis Native to Turkey

Apiaceae is one of the greatest and agriculturally important families of the angiosperms [1]. The species of this family are rich sources of essential oils. They may contain essential oils originating in any organ including fruits, leaves, roots, or whole plant [2]. At the present time, essential oils or their constituents are becoming increasingly popular complementary medicines and natural therapeutics, and are used in the food conservation and flavouring industry because of their antioxidant and antimicrobial agents [3]. A literature survey has shown that there are some reports on various activities and chemical composition of the essential oils of different Scaligeria species belonging to the Apiaceae family [3–7]. The present study of S. napiformis Grande was carried out to determine its volatile oil composition for the first time. The genus Scaligeria DC. is represented in Turkey by seven species, of which two are endemic. In the Aegean and Antalya Regions of Turkey, S. napiformis is known as “turpanasonu.” It is called “kaplumbagaboncugu, kazayak, and peynircicegi” in Mugla Province. It has four different taxonomic synonyms: Bunium creticum Miller, B. napiforme Willd. Ex Sprengel, B. creticum d Urv., and S. cretica (d Urv.) Vis. (Davis) [8–10]. The aerial parts of S. napiformis were collected in July 2013 from Mugla (Koycegiz) and Antalya (Akseki). Voucher specimens are kept at the Faculty of Pharmacy, Erciyes University in Kayseri, Turkey. In this study, the aerial parts of S. napiformis were hydrodistilled for 3 h using a Clevenger apparatus to obtain the essential oil [11]. The GC-MS analysis was carried out on an Agilent 5975 GC-MSD system. Innowax FSC column (60 m 0.25 mm, 0.25 m film thickness) was used with helium as carrier gas (0.8 mL/min). The GC oven temperature was kept at 60 C for 10 min and programmed to 220 C at a rate of 4 C/min, and kept constant at 220 C for 10 min and then programmed to 240 C at a rate of 1 C/min. The split ratio was adjusted at 40:1. The injector temperature was set at 250 C. Mass spectra were recorded at 70 eV. Mass range was from m/z 35 to 450. The GC analysis was carried out using an Agilent 6890N GC system. The FID detector temperature was 300 C. To obtain the same elution order with GC-MS, simultaneous auto-injection was done on a duplicate of the same column applying the same operational conditions. The relative percentage amounts of the separated compounds were calculated from the FID chromatograms. Identification of the essential oil components was carried out by comparison of their relative retention times with those of authentic samples or by comparison of their relative retention index (RRI) with a series of n-alkanes. Computer matching against commercial (Wiley GC/MS Library, MassFinder 3 Library) [12, 13] and in-house “Baser Library of Essential Oil Constituents” built up by genuine compounds and components of known oils, as well as MS literature data [14, 15], was used for the identification. The analysis results are given in Table 1. The essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation of aerial parts of S. napiformis collected from locality A and B yielded 0.1%. These components are (E)-farnesene (A – 22.2%, B – 7.4%), germacrene D (A – 19.7%, B – 32.7%), spathulenol (A – 2%, B – 10.6%), -zingiberene (A – 5%), ar-curcumene (A – 4.8%), eudesma-4(15),7-dien-4 -ol (A – 4.5%, B – 3.3%), salvial-4(14)-en-1-one (A – 2.2%, B – 3.3%), -bisabolene (A – 3.3%), and -sesquiphellandrene (A – 3.3%).

Momordica charantia L. (Kudret narı) meyvelerinin toplam fenolik madde içerikleri ve antioksidan kapasitelerinin değerlendirilmesi

Bu calismada, Momordica charantia L. (Cucurbitaceae) bitkisinin ulkemizin farkli yerlerinden toplanmis 13 farkli genotipine ait ham ve olgun meyveler kullanilmistir. Genotipler, saflastirmak icin iki yil sureyle arazide kendileme calismalarina devam edilerek F3 kademesine getirilmistir. Farkli genotiplerin ham ve olgun meyvelerinin pulp kisimlari ayrilarak, bu kisimlardan Sokslet ekstraksiyonu ile %70’lik metanol ekstreleri hazirlanmistir. Ekstrelerin 2,2-difenil-1-pikrihidrazil (DPPH • ) radikali supurucu etkileri ve toplam fenolik madde icerikleri tespit edilmistir. Sonucta M. charantia meyveleri icin 3, 8 ve 9 nolu genotiplerin umitvar olduklari tespit edilmistir.

Antioxidant Capacity and Metal Content of Physalis Peruviana L. Fruit Sold in Markets

1 Ayşe Eken1, Burcu Ünlü-Endirlik1, Ayşe Baldemir2, Selen İlgün2, Buğra Soykut3, Onur Erdem3, Cemal Akay3 1Erciyes University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Kayseri, 2Erciyes University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Botanic, Kayseri, 3Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Ankara, Turkey Antioksidan Aktivite ve Metal İçerik / Antioxidant Activity and Metal Content Antioxidant Capacity and Metal Content of Physalis peruviana L. Fruit Sold in Markets