Selman Çıkmaz

Effect of formaldehyde inhalation on rat livers: a light and electron microscopic study.

It is well known that formaldehyde (FA) is cytotoxic and potentially carcinogenic. Although the individual effects of this reactant on cells has been investigated, the cytotoxicity exerted by the coexistence of FA is poorly understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of FA on the liver in rats, by light and electron microscopic level. We used 18 Wistar albino rats divided into three groups, exposed to 0 (control), 19.7 ppm FA gas for a total of 4 weeks, 8 h/day, 5 days a week (subacute) and 20.3 parts per million (ppm) FA gas for a total of 13 weeks, 8 h/day, 5 days a week (subchronic). After the completion of the exposure period, they were sacrificed by decapitation and their liver tissue samples were taken in order to be processed for light and electron microscopic studies. Light microscopic evaluation of liver tissue samples of FA-exposed rats revealed enlarged sinusoids filled with blood and mononuclear cell infiltration in the portal areas and around the central veins. In addition, some of the hepatocytes showed loss of cytoplasm, and some had a hyperchromatic nucleus. The cells of FA-exposed livers, on the other hand, showed an electron-lucent ground-cytoplasm and a hypertrophy of the smooth-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum. In conclusion, we observed that exposure FA caused diverse histopathological changes indicating the destruction in the liver tissue and this destruction has direct relationship with the length of the exposure period.

Musculus Extensor Digiti Medii Proprius and Musculus Extensor Digitorum Brevis Manus – A Case Report of a Rare Variation

The musculus extensor digiti medii proprius and musculus extensor digitorum brevis manus are anomalous extensor muscles of the hand. During the routine dissection of a white male cadaver a musculus extensor digiti medii proprius was seen on both hands and a musculus extensor digitorum brevis manus was seen on the left hand. The extensor medii proprius has a belly originating from the distal third of the ulna near the extensor indicis proprius and its tendon is inserted into the dorsal aponeurosis of the middle finger on both hands. On the left hand there was another anomalous muscle (musculus extensor digitorum brevis manus) which originated from the distal end of the radius, carpal ligaments and carpal joint capsule and inserted on the tendon of the extensor digiti medii proprius. This case is a multivariation of the hand extensor muscles and a musculus extensor digitorum brevis manus inserting on the musculus extensor digiti medii proprius has not been reported previously.

The Morphometric Analysis of Crista Phallica in Identification of Sexes

La cresta falica (Crista phallica, CP) se utiliza para determinacion de sexo en antropologia y la medicina forense, sin embargo, no existe en la terminologia anatomica y radiologica. El objetivo de este estudio retrospectivo es el analisis morfometrico de la CP. Estudiamos radiografias que muestran varias indicaciones clinicas diferentes de pacientes cuya maduracion osea fue totalmente completa. La cresta falica se situo a ambos lados de la porcion medial de la rama isquio-pubiana (RIP), donde su localizacion y sus puntos mas altos fueron determinados. La distancia desde estos puntos mas altos a la corteza interna de la RIP fueron medidos, asi como los angulos entre las tangentes que pasaron por los puntos mas altos de ambos lados. Se determino la distancia de la RIP (DRIP) para hombres y mujeres de forma secuencial como 21,3 ± 3,5 mm, y 17 ± 2,8 mm, angulo de la CP (ACP) como 149,1 ± 15,7 y 163,5 ± 13,4. Se identifico que los ACP para mujeres fueron menores que las ACP para los hombres (p <0,001). ACP y DRIP por si solas no son criterios suficientes para determinar el sexo. Por lo tanto, los resultados de nuestros hallazgos muestran que seria mas util para estudiar otras especificaciones y sus analisis metricos a fin de determinar el sexo.

What can Anthropometric Measurements Tell us About Mallampati Classification

Objective: Mallampati scoring is the most common examination method for predicting possible intubation problems. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship of facial anthropometric measurements with the modified Mallampati score (MMS). Material and Methods: The study population consisted of 153 male and 170 female volunteers (mean ages, 48,9p16,9 and 44,1p15,4 years, respectively). All participants were subjected to Mallampati scoring and facial anthropometric measurements during pre-operative visit. Anthropometric measurements included inter-incisor gap, lower face height, thyrogonial length, thyromental distance and bigonial distance. The relationship of anthropometric measurements with the MMS was investigated by statistical analysis. Results: Bigonial distance showed a positive correlation with the MMS (r=0.857; pl0.001), whereas inter-incisor gap, lower face height, and thyromental distance showed negative correlations (r=-0.809, r=-0.738, and r=-0.762 respectively pl0.001 for all). ROC and AUC analysis showed that the BGD level had the highest significant AUC (pl0.001). Optimal cut-off point for BGD was g113 mm, and at this cut-off point, the sensitivity rate was 94.8% and the specificity rate was 95.9%. BGD was the best predictor for discriminating MMS 3-4. Conclusion: We suggest that facial measurements such as bigonial distance may be used as alternatives for Mallampati evaluation when the patients condition is not suitable for Mallampati scoring. Turkish Baslik: Antropometrik Olcumler Mallampati Siniflamasi Hakkinda Ne Soyleyebilir? Anahtar Kelimeler: Antropometri, Bigonial mesafe, kesici disler arasi mesafe, Modifiye Mallampati skoru, Tiromental mesafe Giris: Mallampati skoru entubasyon ile ilgili olasi sorunlari tahmin etmek icin en yaygin kullanilan yontemidir. Bu calismanin amaci, modifiye Mallampati skoru (MMS) ile yuz antropometrik olcumler arasindaki iliskiyi arastirmaktir. Metod: Calisma 153 erkek ve 170 kadin gonullu ile (ortalama yas, 48,9 p 16,9 ve 44,1 p 15,4 yil, sirasiyla) yapildi. Tum katilimcilar pre-operatif ziyareti sirasinda Mallampati skoru degerlendirmesi ve yuz antropometrik olcumleri yapildi. Antropometrik olcumler arasinda kesici disler arasi mesafe, alt yuz yuksekligi, tirogonial uzunluk, tiromental mesafe ve bigonial mesafe vardi. MMS ile antropometrik olcumler arasindaki iliski istatistiksel analizi ile arastirildi. Sonuc: Bigonial mesafe MMS ile pozitif korelasyon oldugu gozlendi kesici disler arasi mesafe, alt yuz yuksekligi ve tiromental mesafe negatif korelasyon gostermekteydi (r = 0.857 p l0.001) (r = -0,809, r = -0,738, r = - 0.762 p l0.001). ROC ve AUC analizi bigonial mesafede yuksek duzeyde anlamli AUC (p l0.001) oldugu saptandi. Bigonial mesafe icin optimal cut-off noktasig 113 mm idi ve bunun duyarlilik orani % 94.8 ve ozgulluk orani % 95.9 idi. Bigonial mesafe MMS 3-4 icin en iyi tanimlayici oldugu saptandi. Tartisma: Bu calisma, hastanin genel durumunun Mallampati skorunun degerlendirmesi icin uygun olmadigi zamanlarda bigonial mesafe gibi antropometrik yuz olcumleri Mallampati degerlendirmesi icin alternatif olarak kullanilabilecegini gostermektedir.