Senol Dogan

Comparison of MLL Fusion Genes Expression among the CytogeneticsAbnormalities of Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Their Clinical Effects

Mixed-lineage leukemia (MLL) is a subtype of acute myeloid leukemia with more aggressive prognosis than other subtypes. Translocations of MLL gene with other partner genes, forming the MLL-fusion proteins (MLL-FPs), are the main characteristics of MLL leukemia. Many studies have demonstrated that MLL-FPs such as: MLL-AF4, MLL-AF6, MLL-AF9, MLL-AF10, MLL-ENL, MLL-ELL, MLL-EPS15, as well as partial tandem duplication are the most common abnormalities that play significant role in MLL-rearranged leukemia. Gene expression profiles from 197 patients and 180 clinical data were downloaded from TCGA database. R statistical program has classified clinical and genomic data simultaneously according to cytogenetic abnormalities. As a result of this analysis, the most frequent 47 MLLFPs genes expression have been detected and compared with other cytogenetic abnormalities such as t(4;11), t(9;11), t(8;21), t(15;17), complex, inversion 16, trisomy 8 and cytogenetically normal AML. 35 out of 46 MLL-FPs genes presented with abnormal gene expression profile. This study showed that MLL-FPs are not just active and related with MLL, but also with other subtypes of AML.

Detection of G-type density in promoter sequence of colon cancer oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes

The guanine rich locations are present in human genome. Previous studies have shown that the presence of G rich sequences and motifs may be significant for gene activity and function. We decided to focus our interest to identify G rich motifs in promoters of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. We used a set of 100 most common oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes (TSG) for this analysis. We collected 600nt long promoters with -500 and +100 TSS (transcription start site) from the oncogenes and TSG set. Using a computer program, we calculated the G densities using numbers and locations of G forms with 100nt moving widow. We included G numbers from 2 to 7 guanines. Analysis shows that G density increases from -500 to +100 and more from TSS. G density is found to be maximum within -/+100 of TSS. The results of G densities were compared with the expression data of the selected oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes in patients with colon cancer (n=174).

The Detection of Extremely High and Low Expressed Genes by EGEFAlgorithm in Invasive Breast Cancer

Invasive breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease. The analysis of one or a group of specific gene expression profiles may not be enough to understand molecular activities in cancer cells. Therefore, a method which gives us the opportunity to compare similar up and down regulated gene expression profiles, is needed. The main purpose of our work is to sort the extreme high and low expressed genes and extract, compare and cluster them. Expression profiles of 598 samples of invasive breast cancer and 48 samples of normal tissue have been analysed to create a new algorithm called Extreme Gene Expression Family (EGEF). The EGEF algorithm sorted, grouped and compared the highest and the lowest expressed genes (n = 100). According to the hierarchical clustering result, dense and light memberships of gene families are detected. The resulting analysis allows us to predict which genes would show similar expression signatures in invasive breast cancer and to us to recognize specific biological activities and processes. EGEF algorithm can be used to detect expression signatures in other cancers and biological processes.

The First Statistical Analysis of BUZIM Cancer Types

Cancer is referred to as malignancy and presented uncontrolled proliferation of cell. Although some of the types are mostly observed, some of them could be in rare amount. Cancer can be affected by many factors including smoking, drinking, obesity, hormones, and environment. Biostatistics is a powerful tool for describing and summarizing different data. This work has been firstly done to analyse the cancer type and rate in Buzim, a city in Bosnia and Herzegovina. According to Buzim main hospital registered data analysis, cancer profiles of the city showed variety of cancer types. Descriptive statistics was used to describe the population and given insight into cancer increasing rate in municipality of the city. By the basic statistical analysis, we understood that digestive and respiratory organs cancer rate more than other and rapidly increased last decade.

Changes in Blood Pressure and Heart Rate Measurement UndergraduateStudents During Exam Period

Stress is a part of human life, especially for urban citizens. Stress is inseparable characteristics of student life, especially exam days. Stress management is one of the first steps which can affect students success during the exams, especially in universities. Blood pressure is the first stress observation symptom to understand its level. Therefore, to understand the stress impact of university students during the exam weeks, a conditional experiment has been designed. 200 students were selected from Bosnian and Turkish female and male. The students` blood systolic, diastolic and heart rate were measured to detect the differences between non-exams days and exam days. The blood pressure measurement has been done 3 times in specific times, non-exam days, midterm and final days. Since non-exam days were taken as stress off days, they were supposed that these days were control data to compare with exam days to see the differences. As a result of the measurements, Bosnian females showed the highest increasing, systolic 13.2%, diastolic 9.3% and heart rate 8.5% during the midterm exam days. The group has been followed by Bosnian males, systolic 6.9%, diastolic 6.1% and heart rate 6.63 increased during the midterm days. Although Turkish students blood pressure and heart rate increased, the values were less than Bosnian students. Moreover, high correlation significance results belonged to Bosnian females and males, 0.722 and 0.698 respectively. Finally, it was concluded that if students have scholarship they have more blood pressure during the exams. While 95% of Bosnian females and 90% of Bosnian males have some scholarship, no Turkish students have scholarship demonstrated the differences between Bosnian and Turkish students blood measurements.

Comparison of the Hemoglobin Amount between Old and Young Persons in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Hemoglobin is a unique protein, which is responsible for oxygen and carbon dioxide transportation all the body. The protein location is inside the erythrocytes and the special oval shape makes it easily pass through blood walls to supply oxygen to the tissues and organs. It is supposed that the hemoglobin amount could change depending on the person`s age, gender or nationality. We designed a research to see the molecular differences among Bosnian and Turkish young person`s whose age interval is 18-23 and old person`s age interval is 43-65. Totally 300 person`s, 50 from each Bosnian/ Turkish Female/Male and 50 old male and 50 old female were selected for the research. The students` the hemoglobin amount has been recorded individually and presented in a table. As a result of the measurement, The Turkish females average has the lowest hemoglobin Turkish males average shows the maximum amount of hemoglobin, 12.01 g/dl and 14.65 g/dl respectively. When the female gets older their the hemoglobin amount increase in their blood, 7.3% in Bosnian and 12.2% in Turkish. On the other side, the male blood the hemoglobin amount is almost similar by aging, Bosnian male hemoglobin just increase 0.74%, but in Turkish male 1.3% decrease. The result shows that female the hemoglobin amount is affected by age more than male.

New Possible Targetable Genes for Future Treatment of Mixed Lineage Leukemia

Aim of study: Leukemia has different subtypes, which present unique clinical and molecular characteristics. MLL (Mixed Lineage Leukemia) is one of the new different subtypes than AML and ALL. Materials and Methods: Genomic characterization is the main key understanding the differences of MLL by analysis of differential gene expression, methylation patterns and mutational spectra that were compared and analyzed between MLL and AML types (n=197). Results: According to the genomic characterization of MLL, differentially expressed 114 genes were selected and 37 of them targeted genes having more than 2 fold expression change, including HOXA9, CFH, DDX4, MSH4, MSMB, TWIST1, ZSWIM2, POU6F2. To measure the aberrant methylation is the second genomic characterization of this research because the rearrangements of MLL gene leading to aberrant methylation. The methylation data were compared between cancer and control, so high methylated genes have been detected between MLL and AML types. The methylation loci were categorized into two groups: ≥ 10 fold difference and ≥ 5 and ≤ 10 fold difference. Some of the genes high methylated more than one location such as; RAET1E, HSD17B2, RNASE11, DGK1, POU6F2, NAGS, PIK3C2G, GADL1, and KRT13. In addition to that, analysis of somatic mutation gives us that CFH has the highest point mutation 9,92%. Conclusion: Overall, the MLL genomic characterization shows that it is different than AML and exhibits a unique molecular and biological phenotype and point to new possible targetable genes for future treatment of MLL leukemia are two important values.

Analysis of Gaucher Disease Responsible Genes in ColorectalAdenocarcinoma

Gaucher disease is a hereditary genetic abnormality which defects the pathway of sphingolipid catabolism. The mutation of GBA gene which encodes lysosomal β-glucosidase enzyme is the main characteristics of the disease also is observed in different cancer types. To find the relation between the disease and colon adenocarcinoma, the responsible gene expression of Gaucher disease was analyzed. The gene expression of colon adenocarcinoma was was compared between death and alive patients and analyzed statistically to profile the differences between Gaucher disease genes expression changes. GBA, GBA2, GBA3, SCARB2 and PSAP have the maximum genetic alteration which is observed in colon adenocarcinoma.