Seok-Ki Jang

Electrochemical study of hydrogen embrittlement and optimum cathodic protection potential of welded high strength Steel

Electrochemical properties and mechanical properties of welded high strength steel were investigated by the slow strain rate test (SSRT) method with an applied constant cathodic potential. There was no correlation between maximum tensile strength, yield strength, stress at failure, and hydrogen embrittlement. However, the elongation, time-to-fracture, and strain-to-failure ratio decreased with shifting potential of the negative direction. Elongation, time-to-fracture, and strain-to-failure ratio for the various welding methods displayed the highest values when the potential was −770 mV regardless of post-weld heat treatment (PWHT) conditions. The elongation, time-to-fracture, and amount of dimples by PWHT were increased. The optimum potential region for cathodic protection without hydrogen embrittlement was observed between −770 and (above) −850 mV (SCE) in the post-weld specimens heat treated at 550°C and the as-welded specimens.

Effects of thickness of Al thermal spray coating for STS 304

Thermal spray coating presents a sacrificial-anode cathodic protection method since differences between the potentials of materials are employed. If a base metal is exposed to seawater, due to defect in the thermal spray coating, the metal is protected by the sacrificial anodic characteristics of the coating layer because micro-cells formed by the base metal and the thermal spray coating act as cathodes and anodes, respectively. The coating thickness has little effect on the surface morphology of the coating. However, the electrochemical properties with the increasing of coating thickness present good results.

Electrochemical characteristics of stainless steel using impressed current cathodic protection in seawater

Stainless steels such as STS 304, 316 and 630 are frequently used as shaft materials in small fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) fishing boats. If the shaft material is exposed to a severely corrosive environment such as seawater, it should be protected using appropriate methods. The impressed current cathodic protection was used to inhibit corrosion in shaft materials. In anodic polarization, passivity was remarkably more evident in STS 316 stainless steel than in STS 304 and STS 630. The pitting potentials of STS 304, 316, and 630 stainless steels were 0.30, 0.323, and 0.260 V, respectively. The concentration polarization due to oxygen reduction and activation polarization due to hydrogen generation were evident in the cathodic polarization trends of all three stainless steeds. STS 316 had the lowest current densities in all potential ranges, and STS 630 had the highest. Tafel analysis showed that STS 316 was the most noble in the three. In addition, the corrosion current density was the lowest for STS 316.

Surface characteristics of chemical conversion coating for Mg-Al alloy

Abstract The chemical conversion coating was formed on Mg alloy for low cost and harmlessness in environment by using the colloidal silica as the main component. The film formed at 298 K was thick, which was thought to be the combination of Si and O. In salt spray test, the ratio of black rust on the specimen that did not conducted chemical conversion treatment was five times or more than those of the chemical conversion treated specimen. The film of chemical conversion coating produced by alkali treatment process was thinner than the specimen produced in basic chemical conversion treatment solution.

Electrochemical properties and corrosion protection of stainless steel for hot water tank

The state in which a stainless steel (STS) exhibits a very low corrosion rate is known as passivity, which is self-healing in a wide variety of environments. However, for those STS the corrosion includes pitting, crevice corrosion, galvanic corrosion, hydrogen embrittlement and stress corrosion cracking etc. And the corrosion resistance of STS is affected by area ratio, solution temperature and solution condition etc. Corrosion characteristics of STS 304, welding parts STS 316, STS 329 and STS 444 were investigated with parameters such as corrosion potential, galvanic current measurements, cathodic and anodic polarization behaviors as a function of area ratio and solution temperature in solution for hot water tank. It was found that galvanic current is affected by the area ratio, temperature and a kind of STS for hot water tank. Corrosion potential of welding part STS 316 was lower than that of STS 304, STS 329, STS 444 in solution for #1, #2 hot water tank. Therefore, it is suggested that the welding part STS 316 acts as anode for the other STSs. The amplitude of galvanic current between welding parts STS 316 and STS 304, STS 329, STS 444 in #1 solution is smaller than that in #2 solution. This is the reason that chloride ion quantity in #2 solution is more than that for #1 solution. And then welding part STS 316 corrodes easily by acting as anode compared to the other STS.

Effects of solution heat treatment on corrosion resistance of 5083F Al alloy

Abstract Aluminum alloys are used as substitutes for fiber reinforced polymer(FRP) in ships and boats. However, ships constructed with 5000-series Al alloy suffer a little corrosion in the marine environment, when they run in high speed, and high flow rate, etc. Therefore, solution heat treatment was carried out to prevent corrosion. The optimal heat treatment involved heating specimens for 120 min at 420 °C and then cooling them in water. In addition, the optimal ageing condition involved ageing specimens for 240 min at 180 °C. The slow strain rate test(SSRT) in a seawater revealed that heat treatment under optimal conditions produced improved elongation, time-to-fracture and amount of dimples compared with the as-received specimen.

Mechanical and electrochemical characteristics in sea water of 5052-O aluminum alloy for ship

Abstract The optimum corrosion protection potentials were examined for 5052-O Al alloy, which is mainly used in ships. Various electrochemical experiments were carried out and the surface morphologies of specimens were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in order to determine the optimum corrosion protection potential to overcome pitting, corrosion, stress corrosion cracking (SCC), and hydrogen embrittlement in sea water. An optimum protection potential range of −1.3 V to −0.7 V was determined under the application of an impressed current cathodic protection (ICCP) system. The low current densities were shown in the range of −1.3 V to −0.7 V in the electrochemical experiments and good specimen surface morphologies were observed after potentiostatic experiment.

Cavitation and electrochemical characteristics of thermal spray coating with sealing material

Abstract Steel applied in ocean environment is exposed to corrosion and cavitation and is subject to increasing damages. To prevent this, anti-corrosion thermal spray coating technique is widely used. The low-temperature thermal spray coating was performed with 85%Al–14.5%Zn–0.5%Zr for ship materials and various sealing materials were applied to improve its durability, and the electrochemical behavior and cavitation characteristics were observed. The results show that the sealing improves all the properties of the materials. Hybrid ceramic and fluoro-silicon sealing materials show good electrochemical characteristics, and the fluoro-silicon sealing material shows the best anti-cavitation characteristics.

Electrochemical characteristics of HVOF spray coated layer with WC-27NiCr and WC-10Co4Cr for Al bronze

Abstract Among the environmentally friendly marine energies, tidal current power plants require low cost because they do not need to construct a large dam. Tidal power is particularly reliable energy source because the power generation capacity is predictable regardless of weather or season. Composite materials or stainless steel have been used as materials of blades for current power plant. However, their strength and welding performance generated many problems in field application. Copper alloys with excellent cavitation resistance and corrosion resistance were applied as blade materials to improve the durability of copper alloys. They were coated with WC–27NiCr and WC–10Co4Cr using the high velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) method. The metal spray coating technology has the advantage in terms of the selection of materials for cost effectiveness and environmental effects of corrosion because the properties of the coat layer can be controlled intentionally. Coating with WC–27NiCr and WC–10Co4Cr by HVOF, WC–27NiCr shows better corrosion resistance overall. The reason for this seems to be that corrosion resistance improves and a stable passive film forms due to the effects of Ni and Cr.

Characteristics Evaluation with Cavitation Condition of 304 Stainless Steel in Seawater Environment

This investigation evaluated the effect of cavitation condition on electrochemical characteristics of 304 stainless steel, which is widely used for marine environment. The cavitation test with time were conducted on 304 stainless steel in seawater solution. Surface morphologies of specimen were observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and 3D microscope. Pitting depth, weight loss and damage rate were analyzed after each cavitation experiment. The surface damage was more severe as the current density increased. A dramatical increase in the damage depth and weight loss was observed after 7 hours of cavitation experiment.