Seong-Ho Jang

Is chlorination one of the major pathways in the formation of polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs) in municipal solid waste combustion

The chlorination patterns of unsubstituted naphthalene were studied using a laminar flow reactor with a 1 cm particle bed of 0.5% (mass) copper(II) chloride (CuCl2) mixed with silicon dioxide (SiO2), operated over a temperature range of 100 to 400 °C and at gas velocities of 2.7 and 0.32 cm/s. The polychlorinated naphthalene (PCN) yield increased until a temperature reached at 250 °C, where a peak yield of 3.07% (percent of naphthalene input, carbon basis) was observed. All PCN homologue groups, mono- through octa-chlorinated naphthalenes, were observed. To test the hypothesis that PCNs in combustion processes are formed via chlorination pathways, the PCN homologue and isomer patterns from the experiments were compared with those observed in municipal solid waste combustion (MSW) incinerators. PCN congeners with 1,4-substituents dominated formation in the naphthalene chlorination experiments, whereas 2,3-substituents were major congeners in both MSW combustion flue gas and fly ash samples. These results suggest that contrary to the hypothesis, chlorination is not a primary PCN formation route in either the flue gas or fly ash from MSW combustion. Even so, naphthalene chlorination pathways presented in this paper provide an improved means for evaluating PCN formation mechanisms in combustion processes.

Analysis of UV Filters in Water using Stir Bar Sorptive Extraction (SBSE) and GC/MS-MS

A highly sensitive analytical method based on stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) technique and gas chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (GC/MS-MS) has been developed, allowing the simultaneous multi-analyte determination of seven UV filters in water samples. The stir bar coated with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) was added to 40 mL of water sample at pH 3 and stirred at 1,100 rpm for 120 min. Other SBSE parameters (salt effect and presence of organic solvent) were optimised. The method shows good linearity (coefficients > 0.990) and reproducibility (RSD < 12.9%). The extraction efficiencies were above 84% for all the compounds. The limits of detections (LOD) and limits of quantification (LOQ) were 2.1∼8.6 ng/L and 6.8∼27.5 ng/L, respectively. The developed method offers the ability to detect 8 UV filters at ultra-low concentration levels with only 40 mL of sample volume. Matrix effects in tap water, river water, wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) final effluent water and seawater were investigated and it was shown that the method is suitable for the analysis of trace level of 7 UV filters except of benzophenone (BP). The method developed in the present study has the advantage of being rapid, simple, high-sensitive and both user and environmentally friendly.

Anti-hyperlipidemic Effects of Cordyceps militaris Hot-Water Extract

Abstract This study was performed to observe the effects of the feeding physiological activity substance in Cordyceps militaris hot-water extract intake on the improvement of lipid components and metabolic enzyme activities in the serum of dietary hyperlipidemic rats (SD strain, male) fed the experimental diets for 5 weeks. The concentrations of cholesterol (total cholesterol, β-lipoprotein, LDL-cholesterol, free cholesterol and cholesteryl ester), atherosclerotic index, triglyceride (TG), phospholipid (PL) and blood glucose in sera were remarkably lower in the Cordyceps militaris extract intake group than in the hyperlipidemic rats. In the ratio of HDL-cholesterol concentration was higher percentage in the Cordyceps militaris extract intake group than in the hyperlipidemic rats. The activities aminotransferase (AST, ALT) in sera were rather lower in the Cordyceps militaris extract administration than in the hyperlipidemic rats. From the above research, Cordyceps militaris extract were effective on the improvement of the lipid compositions in sera of dietary hyperlipidemic rats.

Biodegradation of UV Filters in Biological Activated Carbon (BAC) Process : Biodegradation Kinetic

In this study, The effects of empty bed contact time (EBCT) and water temperature on the biodegradation of 8 UV filters in biological activated carbon (BAC) process were investigated. Experiments were conducted at two water temperatures (7 and 18°C) and three EBCTs (5, 10 and 15 min). Increasing EBCT and water temperature increased the biodegradation efficiency of UV filters in BAC column. EHMC and BZC were the highest biodegradation efficiency, but BP and 4-MBC were the lowest. The kinetic analysis suggested a first-order reaction model for biodegradation of 8 UV filters at various water temperatures and EBCTs. The first-order biodegradation rate constants (kbio) of 8 UV filters ranging from 0.2730~0.6365 min at 7°C to 0.4824~ 0.8743 min at 18°C. By increasing the water temperature from 7°C to 18°C, the biodegradation rate constants (kbio) were increased 1.5~2.1 times.

Adsorption Efficiency of Coal Based GACs and Evaluation of Economic Efficiency

This is made of domestic and foreign coal activated carbon of five species, physicochemical adsorption efficient about sterilize products and micro harmful substances and is a result of the economic evaluation. The most well-developed micropores bed volume 123,409 of AC-1 activate carbon appeared to be the best next AC-2, AC-3, AC-4, AC-5 followed by activated carbon was investigated. PFOA and PFOS in the BV 96,000 when evaluating foreign types of adsorption activated carbon adsorption capacity was greater when more than PFOA, PFOS showed that the adsorption well. The economic evaluation of activated carbon usage in chloroform (CUR) was most excellent as a AC-1 4.3 g/day, the next AC-2, AC-3, AC-4, AC-5 there are two types of foreign economic order appears to have appeared, but the current domestic market when applying the price AC-1, AC-3, AC-2, AC-4, AC-5 order was investigated.

Studies of the Cordyceps militaris Extract Administration on the Metabolic Enzyme Activities in Hypercholesterolemia

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of the feeding Cordyceps militaris extract on the improvement of the free fatty acid, lipid peroxide, creatinine and enzyme (creatine phosphokinase; CPK, lactate dehydrogenase; LDH, alkaline phosphatase; ALP, lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase; LCAT) activities in the sera of dietary hypercholesterolemic rats (SD strain, male) fed the experimental diets for 5 weeks. Concentrations of free fatty acid, lipid peroxide and CPK, LDH, ALP activities in sera were fairly reduced in the Cordyceps militaris extract administration group (CHE) than in the hypercholesterolemic diet group (CHD). However, no significance was found in the effect of an creatinine concentration among the groups. The LCAT activity in serum was increased in the Cordyceps militaris extract administration (CHE) than in the hypercholesterolemic diet group (CHD). From these results, Cordyceps militaris extracts were effective on the improvement of the lipid components and metabolic enzyme activities in sera of dietary hypercholesterolemic rats.

Fabrication of Controlled Surface Properties of Poly(L-lactide) by Mixing with Lotus Leaf Powder

A biocompatible polymer composite film was prepared by casting method of the mixed solution of poly(L-lactide) (PLA) and lotus leaf powder (LLP) in chloroform. The obtained composite film showed hydrophobic properties. The surface wettability and change in the surface morphology of the film before and after degradation in the enzyme solution were analyzed by contact angle measurement and high resolution scanning electron microscopy. The degradation rate of PLA could be controlled by mixing the right composition of LLP to PLA.

Biodegradation of Synthetic Fragrances in Biological Activated Carbon (BAC) Process : Biodegradation Kinetic

Abstract : In this study, The effects of empty bed contact time (EBCT) and water temperature on the biodegradation of 8 synthetic fragrances (SFs) in biological activated carbon (BAC) process were investigated. Experiments were conducted at two water tem-peratures (7 and 18℃) and three EBCTs (5, 10 and 15 min). Increasing EBCT and water temperature increased the biodegradation efficiency of SFs in BAC column. Pentalide and ambrettolide were the highest biodegradation efficiency, but DPMI and ADBI were the lowest. The kinetic analysis suggested a pseudo-first-order reaction model for biodegradation of 8 SFs at various water temperatures and EBCTs. The pseudo-first-order biodegradation rate constants ( k bio ) of 8 SFs ranging from 0.1184~0.6545 min -1 at 7℃ to 0.3087~0.9173 min -1 at 18℃. By increasing the water temperature from 7℃ to 18℃, the biodegradation rate constants ( k bio ) were increased 1.4~2.6 times. Key Words : Synthetic Fragrances (SFs), Biological Activated Carbon (BAC) Process, Water Temperature, Empty Bed Contact Time (EBCT), Biodegradation Kinetic

Screening of Antioxidant Activity from Exocarp of Watermelon (Citrullus vulgaris L.)

Abstract Watermelon ( Citrullus vulgaris L.) is a summer fruit typical to help fatigue systemic absorption is getting better. The goal of this study is to screen antioxidant activity to ensure the possibility as a functional material for exocarp of watermelon. Watermelon was extracted with 70% methanol, 70% ethanol, chloroform:methanol (CM, 2:1, v/v). Total phenol contents were 12.01 mg/g, 8.89 mg/g, 3.53 mg/g in the 70% methanol, 70% ethanol, CM, in that order, respectively. Total flavonoid content, DPPH radical scavenging activity, ABTS radical scavenging activity, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), β-carotene bleaching assay were 70% methanol extract remarkably higher than the other extracts. And these results showed the same trend of total phenol content. From the above results shows that watermelon was effective on the antioxidative activity. Key words : Citrullus vulgaris L., Exocarp, Antioxidative activity, Total phenol, Flavonoid 1. 서 론 1) 최근 90% 이상의 많은 질병이 단백질, 핵산과 같은 생체 분자를 손상시키는 reactive oxygen species (ROS)와 관련이 있다고 알려지면서, 이러한 활성산소를 제거하는 항산화 물질에 대한 연구가 활발하게 이루어지고 있다(Yang 등, 2008). 식물 속에 함유되어 있는 생리활성물질은 여러 화학반응에서 cofactor, inhibitor 및 scavenger 등으로 작용 하여 항산화, 항암, 항염증과 같은 활성을 나타낸다고 한다(Dillard와 German, 2000).수박(

Influences of Wild Haw (Crataegus pinnatifida B UNGE ) on Lowering BUN and Creatinine Concentrations in Dyslipidemia

Abstract This study was investigate the influences of wild haw ( Crataegus pinnatifida BUNGE) on lowering blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine concentrations in dyslipidemic rats. Four groups of rats were fed different diets for 5 weeks: basal diet (BD group), nondyslipidemic diet+feral haw extract (NDF group), dyslipidemic diet (DLD group), dyslipidemic diet+feral haw extract (DFH group). BUN, creatinine and uric acid concentrations were significantly higher in the DLD group than in the BD group. However, DFH group significantly lowered BUN, creatinine and uric acid concentrations compared to the DLD group. Amylase activity was significantly lower in the DLD group than in the BD group, while DFH group significantly higher compared to the DLD group. Lipase activity was also also significantly lower in the DLD group than the other group. Accordingly, these results suggest that haw extract could be effective for improving kidney function in dyslipidemic rats. Key words : Crataegus pinnatifida