Serdar Altınay

Metabolic and histopathological effects of sleeve gastrectomy and gastric plication: an experimental rodent model

Introduction Obesity has recently become a major health problem, and researchers have been directed to work toward the development of surgical techniques, with new mediators playing an important role in nutrition. Gastric plication (GP) and sleeve gastrectomy (SG) have become popular recently. These are widely used techniques in bariatric surgery. Objectives In this study, we aimed to compare the efficiency of SG and GP techniques on rats. Methods Wistar-Hannover rats (n=18) were divided into three equal groups, namely SG, GP, and control. Blood samples were taken before the operation and on the 30th day after the operation. The weights of all rats were recorded both on first day and the 30th day after the operation. Serum gastrin, ghrelin, and leptin levels were also measured on the same days. For histopathological examination, gastrectomy was performed after the animals were sacrificed. Results Average weight loss was 10% for the SG group and 6.5% for the GP group. One month after the operations, the decrease in the ghrelin and leptin levels of GP and SG groups was significant compared with the levels of the control group. Gastrin levels of the SG group increased significantly compared with those of the control group. Histopathological examination revealed that there was significant decrease in the ghrelin and leptin levels of the GP and SG groups compared with those of the control group. Foveolar hyperplasia (FH), cystic glandular dilatation, and fibrosis were significantly higher in the GP and SG groups compared with the control group. Conclusion Although GP is not as effective as SG in terms of weight loss, it provides the same effectiveness in decreasing ghrelin and leptin levels. Histopathological findings revealed that FH, fibrosis, and the cystic glandular dilatation development rates were similar.

Metastatic follicular thyroid carcinoma masquerading as olfactory neuroblastoma: with skull-base, cranium, paranasal sinus, lung, and diffuse bone metastases.

Skull-base metastasis is rarely reported in thyroid carcinoma. We are presenting an unusual interesting case mimicking metastatic renal cell carcinoma with intense clear cell morphology, the thyroid origin of which was detected via positron emission tomography/computerized tomography scan proposed by the oncology council, while we were monitoring the subject with the initial diagnosis of paranasal sinus tumor. A mass was detected in the left nasal cavity in the endoscopic examination of the 68-year-old female patient referred by the ophthalmology clinic with the preliminary diagnosis of retro-orbital tumor upon being admitted with proptosis. A soft tissue lesion at a size of 68 × 39 × 53 mm located intracranially was detected by the brain computerized tomography. The biopsy taken and the immunohistochemical results were not satisfactory. Intense fluorodeoxyglucose involvement was observed in both lobes of the thyroid gland at positron emission tomography/computerized tomography taken with the recommendation of the council. Moreover, hypermetabolic nodules were seen in both lung parenchyma areas, whereas intense hypermetabolic lytic lesions were observed in the skeletal system. Thyroglobulin and thyroid transcription factor 1 stains displayed a strong staining on paraffin block. On the basis of these characteristics, the case was regarded as compatible metastatic follicular thyroid carcinoma, with skull-base, cranial, retro-orbital, paranasal sinus, lung, and bone metastases. This case showed us that multidisciplinary work and assessment of the oncology council play a highly critical role in making the diagnosis and guiding the treatment.

Relative Proportions of Stromal to Cellular Components of Pleomorphic Adenomas Determination With Shear Wave Elastography

The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the relative proportions of stromal to cellular components of pleomorphic adenomas have an effect on the shear elastic modulus determined by shear wave elastography (SWE).

Luteolin ameliorates colistin-induced nephrotoxicity in the rat models

Abstract Introduction and aim: To study the protective, preventive effect of luteolin from colistin-induced nephrotoxicity. Material and method: Four different treatment options were tested on rats: colistin, luteolin, and a combination of colistin and luteolin, intraperitoneally as two doses a day, for seven days. Another group of rats were used as the control and treated with sterile saline. Serum creatinine levels were measured before and after treatment. Histological changes and colistin-induced apoptosis (Insitu BrdU-red DNA Fragmentation Assay Kit) of the renal tissues were examined after the scarification procedure. Results: In the Colistin Group, post-treatment creatinine levels were statistically higher than the pretreatment levels (p = .001). In the remaining groups, no significant changes were observed. Cells that undergo apoptosis were counted and it was shown that all groups except the colistin-treated group had a similar number of apoptotic cells, whereas the colistin-treated group had statistically higher number of apoptotic cells compared to other groups (p = .0001). Renal histological damage was also measured and the score of the colistin treated group was higher as compared to other groups. Conclusion: The results obtained from this study demonstrated us that luteolin was capable of preventing colistin-induced nephrotoxicity and that this effect was significant at histopathological level.

Is Chronic Curcumin Supplementation Neuroprotective Against Ischemia For Antioxidant Activity, Neurologic Deficit Score, Or Neuronal Apoptosis In An Experimental Stroke Model?

AIM To investigate the neuroprotective effect of chronic curcumin supplementation on the rat forebrain prior to ischemia and reperfusion. MATERIAL AND METHODS Forebrain ischemia was induced by bilateral common carotid artery occlusion for 1/2 hour, followed by reperfusion for 72 hours. Older rats were divided into five groups: Group I received 300 mg/kg oral curcumin for 21 days before ischemia and 300 mg/kg intraperitoneal curcumin after ischemia; Group II received 300 mg/kg intraperitoneal curcumin after ischemia; Group III received 300 mg/kg oral curcumin for 21 days before ischemia; Group IV had only ischemia; Group V was the sham-operated group. The forebrain was rapidly dissected for biochemical parameter assessment and histopathological examination. RESULTS In forebrain tissue, enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase were significantly higher in Group I than Groups II or III (p < 0.05) while xanthine dehydrogenase and malondialdehyde enzyme activities and concentrations of interleukin-6 and TNF-alpha were significantly lower in Group I when compared to Groups II and III (p < 0.05). A significant reduction in neurological score was observed after 24 and 72 hours in the curcumin-treated groups compared with the ischemic group. We also found a marked reduction in apoptotic index after 72 hours in the groups receiving curcumin. Significantly more TUNEL-positive cells were observed in the ischemic group compared to those treated with curcumin. CONCLUSION We demonstrated the neuroprotective effect of chronic curcumin supplement on biochemical parameters, neurological scores and apoptosis following ischemia and reperfusion injury in rats.

Evaluation of the endocrine-disrupting effects of homosalate (HMS) and 2-ethylhexyl 4-dimethylaminobenzoate (OD-PABA) in rat pups during the prenatal, lactation, and early postnatal periods:

Homosalate (HMS) and 2-ethylhexyl 4-dimethylaminobenzoate (OD-PABA) are ultraviolet filters. We aimed to investigate the effects of dermal exposure to HMS and OD-PABA during the prenatal, lactation, and early infancy periods on pubertal development and thyroid function in male and female rats. The thyroid glands, uteri, testes, prostate glands, and seminal vesicles were excised and weighed, the reproductive organs were analyzed histologically, and the serum hormone levels were measured. In the prenatal period, the thyroxine (T4) levels increased in the female rats in the exposed groups (p < 0.05); the thyroid weights, reproductive organ weights, and gonadal hormone levels were not altered. In males, the testosterone levels decreased (p < 0.05), but the thyroid weights, T4 levels, prostate, and testis weights were not changed. In the lactation period, the weights of the thyroid glands increased in the exposed female groups (p < 0.05), but the T4, gonadal hormone levels, and reproductive organ weights were not changed. In the males, the thyroid gland weights, T4 levels, reproductive organ weights, and gonadal hormone levels were not changed. During infancy, the thyroid gland weights increased in the female rats in the exposed groups (p < 0.05), but the T4 levels, gonadal hormone levels, and reproductive organ weights were not affected. In the male rats in the exposed groups, the T4 levels were increased (p < 0.05), but the thyroid and reproductive organ weights, gonadal hormone levels were not affected. Organ histopathology was not affected in all groups. HMS and OD-PABA do not have endocrine disruptor effects on thyroid function and the pubertal development of female and male rats.

Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the stomach

Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the stomach accounts for less than 1% of all gastric malignancies. Less than 100 cases were reported in the literature. Therefore, knowledge about management and prognosis of the disease is limited. Surgical approach is the basic form of treatment. In this study we confirmed a case of primary gastric squamous cell carcinoma with the aim of contribution to the literature, which is seen rare, and the diagnosis was confirmed pathologically.

Mandibular osteonecrosis due to bisphosphonate use.

Due to their efficient osteoclastic inhibitor effect in bone metabolism and antiangiogenic activity, bisphosphonates are widely used in many cancer diseases particularly in prostate cancers with bone metastasis, lung cancer, breast cancer and multiple myeloma, as well as in systemic diseases such as osteoporosis, osteopenia, Paget disease and osteogenesis imperfect for the last 13 years. Prostate cancer is a common cancer in males and it is the leading cause of bone metastasis. Mandibular metastasis is rarely encountered during the course of prostate cancer. Mandibular osteonecrosis as well has begun to be observed along with the availability of more efficient and stronger formulations developed following the use of bisphosphonates. Zolendronic acid, which has been used also by our patient, has widely come into practice as a 3(rd) generation bisphosphonate. Because of prostate cancer and widespread bone metastases, our patient has been receiving zolendronic acid with maximum androgen blockage for 4 years. Tomography of the patient, who has undergone intensive treatment because of submandibular abscess, demonstrated extensive osteonecrosis in the fovea sublingual region of the mandible corpus. In large series, although, mandibular osteonecrosis was widely seen due to bisphosphonate use for the metastases of lung and breast cancers, this rate was between 9.6% and 11% for prostate cancer within the series. Although our patient had no mandibular metastasis before, mandibular necrosis was observed due to long-term bisphosphonate use. We are going to present our patient who had this rare complication with his clinical picture.

Histopathological Diversity in Parotidectomy Materials in Turkish Population: Clinicopathologic Analysis and Demographic Features of 136 Cases in a Tertiary Care Hospital

BACKGROUND Salivary gland tumours, which account for approximately 3% of head-neck cancers, are a heterogeneous group and thus it is difficult to identify their epidemiological characteristics. The aim of this study is to determine demographic features and histopathologic distribution of parotid neoplasms in a large sample from Turkey. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was conducted retrospectively on 136 parotidectomy materials from operations between May 2009-May 2013. Age, gender, tumor diameter, histopathological diagnosis and surgical margin status were recorded. RESULTS The benign cases were 112 (82.4%), while the malignancies were 24 (17.6%). The accuracy rate of FNAC was 91%. There were 46 (33.8%) male and 90 (66.2%) female patients. Female/ male ratio (M/F=0.5) was two, the Warthin (WT) tumor being more apparent in males (p<0.05). Pleomorphic adenoma (PA) was detected most frequently among benign pathologies at 61.6% (69/112), while the Warthin Tumor (WT) was detected as the second most frequent tumor at 20.5% (23/112). Mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) and carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma (Ca ex PA) were detected at equal frequency at 20.8% (5/24) among malign tumors. These were followed by acinic cell carcinoma at 16.7% (4/24). While the surgical margin was positive in ten patients with malignant tumors (41.7%), all of the benign tumors were negative (p<0.01). No significant difference was detected in the age-gender of patients, tumor size and distribution of sites among benign and malignant groups (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS Pleomorphic adenoma is the most frequently reported benign tumor almost in all global literature. Yet, the distribution of malignant tumors displays geographical differences. Based on these data, we believe that our findings will provide a significant contribution to future epidemiological studies. We think that it will be beneficial to generate awareness on parotid tumors and ensure a fight against smoking as with all head-neck cancers.

Is Ozone (O3) Treatment Effective in Atrophic Rhinitis? Experimental Animal Study

INTRODUCTION Atrophic rhinitis (AR) is a disease characterized by atrophy of the mucosa, submucosa, bone tissue due to an unknown cause and excessive nasal cavity enlargement. The disease still has no complete treatment, and the treatment of the functional loss of atrophic cells in AR is still a matter to be investigated. Ozone (O3) therapy has been shown to enhance cell metabolism, angiogenesis, fibroblast activity, and collagen synthesis. AIM To determine whether ozone treatment affects the disease histopathologically, in experimentally created AR. Material - Method: Twelve Wistar Hanover strain albino male rats were included in the study. Atrophic rhinitis was induced in animals by administering Pasteurella multocida toxin diluted with saline for 21 days to both nasal cavities. A total of 12 animals included in the study were divided into 2 groups as control and study. Ozone gas (60 μg/mL) was administered rectally to the study group for 21 days. After 2 weeks, the rats were decapitated, the nasal cavities were removed as a block, and atrophic rhinitis parameters (epithelial hyperplasia, goblet cell loss, cilia loss, inflammatory infiltration, and vascular ectasia) were evaluated under light microscopy by histopathological examination and statistically interpreted. RESULT The incidence of vascular ectasia was significantly lower in the ozone group compared to the control group (p<0.05). There was no significant difference between the groups regarding other histopathologic findings. CONCLUSION Ozone treatment was moderate at the histopathological level. We concluded that ozone therapy has no or very limited effect on atrophic rhinitis.