Sergey A. Kuchinsky

Experimental and theoretical confirmation of Bloch-mode light propagation in planar photonic crystal waveguides

The dispersion diagram of the leaky modes in the planar photonic crystal waveguide is experimentally obtained for the wavelengths from 1440 to 1590 nm. A small stop band, around wavelength 1500 nm, is detected. The experimentally obtained results are in very good agreement with our three-dimensional finite difference time domain calculations. Propagation losses of the leaky modes are estimated and we have found that they decrease as we approach the ministop band.

Experimental and theoretical study of bulk light scattering in CaF2 monocrystals

A variety of different types of light scattering (Rayleigh, Brillouin, Raman, and Mie scatterings), which may contribute to the transmission losses in the bulk of high-quality CaF2 monocrystals, have been investigated experimentally and theoretically. The angular distribution of Rayleigh and Mie scatterings in the visible spectral range has been measured using an imaging technique. An effective technique for scattering measurements in the uv spectral range has also been implemented. Measurement of Raman scattering has shown that its contribution to the total scattering loss is negligible. In order to estimate the scattering from thermal fluctuations versus that from crystalline defects, a measurement of the temperature dependence of the scattering at the scattering angle of 90° has been performed. It has been shown that scatterings from thermal fluctuations and defects are of the same order of magnitude. Taking into account the dependence of the Brillouin scattering on the direction of the incident beam r...

Scattering losses in fused silica and CaF2 for DUV applications

Scattering losses for fused silica were measured over a wide wavelength range (193-800 nm) using different laser sources. The data indicate that scattering centers are smaller than ~ 12 nm, and scattering is consistent with Rayleigh type even at 193 nm. Scattering losses scale with wavelength as 1/λ4, and scattering loss at 193 nm was found to be (0.65±0.08)x10-3/ cm absorption units or (0.15±0.02)% transmission per cm. CaF2 measurements were completed in the visible wavelength range. The experimental approach for DUV wavelength measurements for CaF2 is described. Estimated scattering losses at 193 nm are ~0.003% transmission per cm and ~0.006% transmission per cm at 157 nm. Data for CaF2 indicate deviation from Rayleigh-type scatter.

High performance ion-exchanged integrated waveguides in thin glass for board-level multimode optical interconnects

We fabricated ion-exchanged graded-index optical waveguides in alkali-aluminosilicate glass showing excellent potential for optical backplane and electrical-optical circuit board applications. Motivation and process details are given and experimental results are discussed.

Waveguiding at 1550 nm using photonic crystal structures in silicon on insulator wafers

Design, fabrication and light guiding in planar photonic crystal structures including sharp corners with a bending radius less than 1 micron are demonstrated at 1550 nm wavelength in silicon waveguides on silicon dioxide substrates. Photon confinement in the sample plane was achieved by a photonic crystal structure while confinement in the vertical direction was achieved by index of refraction contrast.

Grating-based Fiber-to-chip Coupling Efficiency for Small Mode Field Diameter Fibers

We compute the fiber-to-chip coupling efficiency of grating couplers for fiber mode diameters <10μm. Modeling shows that high efficiency (-1.5dB loss) can be achieved with smaller footprint for fibers with half the mode diameter of single-mode-fiber.

Experimental characterization of dispersion properties of the leaky modes in planar photonic crystal waveguide

We have experimentally obtained the dispersion diagram of the leaky modes in a planar photonic crystal waveguide for wavelengths from 1440 nm to 1590 nm. A small stop band around /spl lambda/=1500 nm is also detected. The experimental results are in very good agreement with our 3D FDTD calculations.

Experimental characterization of dispersion properties of leaky modes in planar photonic crystal waveguide

We have experimentally observed the coupling of a Bloch wave in a single-line-defect planar photonic crystal and have mapped the dispersion diagram of the leaky mode component of this wave. The results are in excellent agreement with our three-dimensional finite difference time domain calculations.

Planar Photonic Crystal

We present results of guiding light in a single-line-defect planar photonic crystal (PPC) waveguide with 90° and 60° bends. The wave guiding is obtained by total internal reflection perpendicular to the plane of propagation and by the photonic band gap for the 2D photonic crystal in the plane. The results for photonic waveguiding are shown and demonstrated at 1.5 μm wavelength.

Design, Fabrication and Connectorization of High-Performance Multimode Glass Waveguides for Board-Level Optical Interconnects

Fiber fly-overs are deployed for on-board optical interconnects in combination with on-board optical engines in different products such as high-performance switches for data centers. Polymer waveguides are a promising next step technology solution for integrated board-level optical connectivity to increase the interconnection density, their drawback is the high optical loss at key optical wavelengths around 1310 nm and 1550 nm where promising low-cost silicon photonic transceivers will operate. Glass waveguides fabricated by silver ion-exchange in glass panels have attracted significant interest as a cost-effective candidate due to their very low optical loss at key wavelengths and efficient coupling to optical fiber. The glass waveguide technology and board integration of glass waveguides have been demonstrated for multimode waveguides. Still, the performance of glass waveguides can be optimized by adjusting the refractive index profile for the specific requirements of complex circuits with small pitch, high-number of crossings and tight bends. Low insertion and cross-talk losses are important requirements. For off board communication a reliable connector solution is required for multi-fiber interconnection.