Sergio Pérez

Efecto de la Refinación Física Sobre el Aceite de la Almendra del Corozo (Acrocomia aculeata)

RESUMEN El objetivo principal fue evaluar el efecto de la refinacion fisica sobre las caracteristicas del aceite de la almendra del fruto de la palma corozo ( Acrocomia aculeata ). La metodologia se inicio con un plan de muestreo que permitio obtener una muestra representativa del fruto del lugar de estudio. Se extrajo el aceite utilizando la operacion de prensado en frio, luego se realizo una refinacion fisica que consistio en un desgomado, blanqueado, desodorizado y desacidificacion. Al aceite crudo y refinado se le determino el perfil de acidos grasos. En la etapa de desacidificacion y desodorizacion el indice de peroxido fue de 1,974 miliequivalente de O 2 kg -1 de aceite. El grado de acidez determinado como acido oleico para el aceite crudo y refinado fue de 0,620 y 0,100%, respectivamente. La refinacion fisica aplicada redujo el olor y el grado de acidez de forma apreciable, pudiendose recomendar para la purificacion de este aceite. Palabras clave: Acrocomia aculeata, refinacion fisica, palma corozo, acidos grasos, acidez libre

Modelado y Simulación del Secado de Textiles Delgados Mediante un Cilindro Calentado por Inducción Eléctrica

The development of a mathematical model for the drying of thin fabrics using a rotatory cylinder heated by electrical induction is proposed in this work. Firstly, the thermal dynamics of the cylinder is studied using the equations that describe the energy transfer during the cooling and heating steps of the cylinder. After that, the model determines the temperature for the cylinder, the humidity and the temperature in the drying zone. The values obtained for these variables from the mathematical model were validated with experimental data at different operating conditions. The results show small deviations between predicted values and experimental data, with deviations lower than 10%.

Uso de Enzimas de Tipo Ureasa en el Tratamiento de Aguas Residuales con Alto Contenido en Nitrógeno Orgánico

Some bacterial stock of the urease enzymes producer family were used, with the purpose of treating an industrial wastewater with urea content coming from a industrial urea complex, to reduce the organic nitrogen content to ammonia. To accomplish this objectives, a characterization of the wastewater was done, to identifies the organic nitrogen concentration present in the wastewater, the bacteria source generating the urease enzyme for the waste treatment were identified, and the conditions for the growth of the bacteria were established in the lab. The results show that it is possible the biodegradation using the urease enzymes kind, like Klebsiella Pneumoniae and Proteus Mirabilis, hydrolyzing the urea to ammonia and water. The Proteus Mirabilis was able to degrade the organic nitrogen with a conversion higher than 90%. From the kinetic study, the biodegradation reaction is a first order reaction with a constant kinetics rate of 0,4195 h -1 at 37 o C.

SIMDINUC 2.0, Programa Modular para la Simulación Dinámica de Procesos Químicos

En este trabajo se presentan mejoras introducidas a un programa de simulacion dinamica existente para disponer de una herramienta eficiente de libre acceso a los usuarios. Para ello se estudio y evaluo la estructura y logica de ejecucion del programa SIMDINUC 1.0 y se analizo la codificacion de las mejoras para el desarrollo de la interfaz principal del programa en lenguaje Delphi? 6.0. Se reviso la literatura concerniente a bases de datos de propiedades fisicas y se desarrollo una interfaz grafica para su acceso desde el programa principal del simulador. Se evaluo el funcionamiento de los modulos de calculo disponibles en la libreria del programa y el flujo de la informacion durante una simulacion. De la aplicacion del programa a diferentes casos y su comparacion con resultados analiticos se deduce que los resultados del simulador son confiables

SIMPHA: Programa de Simulación para el Proceso de Producción de Aceite de Maíz y Harina de Maíz Precocida

Development of the SIMPHA software program is presented for the simulation of the refining process which produces precooked corn flour and edible corn oil. The software developed allows study of the parameters related to the efficiency of the process, rapidly and reliably generating information for use in decision making. In order to reach the objective it was necessary to identify the stages in the process, develop mathematical models, codify algorithms for resolution of the mathematical models, develop the algorithm for cost estimations, and validate the program. The results obtained were compared with real data from an operating plant, obtaining deviations of less than 2% in material balances. The program can calculate the cost-benefit factor for any modification introduced into the process.

Determinación de los Coeficientes de Transferencia de Masa Energía para el Proceso de Secado de Textiles, en Función de la Densidad del Material

The mass transfer coefficient and of energy coefficient by contact presents during the drying process of a thin textile were determined. Four textile material of different density and experimental data of the drying process were used. The coefficients were determined to evaluate the behavior of each type of textile material in function of the temperature of the cylindrical dryer. The textile materials present densities between 144 y 230g/m 2 , and the behavior of the transfer coefficients with respect to the temperature of the cylinder is similar to that found for textile with density smaller than 200g/m 2 presented higher values of the heat transfer coefficients and lower values of the mass transfer coefficients, compared to the material of higher density.