Sertac Aksakalli

Accelerated tooth movement with piezocision and its periodontal- transversal effects in patients with Class II malocclusion

OBJECTIVE To compare the extent of canine distalization and the transversal changes, postdistalization gingival indices, and mobility scores between patients who were undergoing orthodontic treatment involving upper premolar extraction with (experimental group) or without piezocision. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty maxillary canines of 10 patients were evaluated with split mouth design. Pre- and postdistalization dental casts were prepared and scanned with an orthodontic scanner to compare the extent of distalization and transversal changes between the two groups. The pre- and postdistalization gingival indices and mobility scores were also calculated. RESULTS Three-dimensional analysis of the models revealed significant differences in tooth movement (lesser anchorage loss and greater canine distalization) between the experimental and control groups. Furthermore, the distalization time was shortened in the experimental group. There were no differences in the transversal changes, pre- and postdistalization gingival indices, or mobility scores between groups. CONCLUSION Piezocision-assisted distalization accelerates tooth movement, decreases the anchorage loss for posterior teeth, and does not induce any maxillary transversal change. Moreover, piezocision does not have any adverse effects on periodontal health.

Effect of pine bark extract on bond strength of brackets bonded to bleached human tooth enamel

Abstract Aim. The purpose was to investigate the effect of pine bark (proanthocyanidin, natural antioxidant) solution on the shear bond strength (SBS) of metal brackets bonded with composite resin to human enamel after bleaching with hydrogen peroxide (HP). Materials and methods. Sixty recently extracted premolars were divided into an experimental group (n = 45), which was bleached with 40% HP, and a control group (n = 15), which was not bleached. The experimental group was further divided into three sub-groups. Specimens in group IB (n = 15) were bonded immediately after bleaching; specimens in group SA (n = 15) were bleached, then treated with 10% sodium ascorbate and then bonded; group PB specimens (n = 15) were bleached, then treated with 5% pine bark solution and bonded. The specimens were debonded with Universal testing machine. The adhesive remnant index was calculated. Results. No significant differences in shear bond strength were noted when the pine bark treated group was compared with the control group and sodium ascorbate group (p > 0.05). Treating the bleached enamel surface with 10% sodium ascorbate or 5% pine bark solution reverses the SBS reduction. Conclusion. So, as a natural antioxidant and less hazardous, clinicians can choose pine bark solution instead of sodium ascorbate.

Effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester on wound healing in calvarial defects

Abstract Objective. The aim of this study is to analyze histologically the effect of CAPE on bone healing of Critical Size Defect (CSD) in rat calvaria. Study design. Thirty-two 3-month-old male rats were used. The animals were randomly divided into four groups. Group A received isotonic saline solution, Group B received CAPE (50 mmol/kg) locally, Group C received CAPE (100 mmol/kg) locally and Group D received CAPE (10 mmol/kg/day i.p. for 28 days) systematically. A 5-mm diameter calvarial defect was created in the right side of the parietal bone without damaging the underlying dura mater. Twenty-eight days after the surgery, all the animals were sacrificed. The original defect area was removed from the animal’s calvarium bone en bloc. Beginning at the center of the surgical defect, serial sections of 6 µm thick were cut longitudinally. The sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin for analysis under a light microscope. The sections were analyzed for the presence of inflammatory infiltrate, connective tissue formation and new bone formation. Computer-assisted histomorphometic measurements were carried out with an automated image analysis system. Results. The total new bone areas were significantly greater in group D than in all groups and group C was statistically insignificant from the other groups (p < 0.05). Group B had a greater, but not statistically significant (p > 0.05), amount of total regenerated bone area than the control group. Conclusion. The results indicate that 100 mmol/kg topical and 10 mmol/kg/day systemic application of CAPE increases bone healing, especially with systemic application.

Temperature increase during orthodontic bonding with different curing units using an infrared camera

Abstract Aim. To evaluate the effects of different curing units and light-tip tooth surface distances on the temperature increase generated during orthodontic bonding, using an infrared camera (IR) and artificial neural networks (ANN). Materials and methods. Fifty-two freshly extracted human premolar teeth were used. Metallic orthodontic brackets were bonded to the buccal surfaces of the teeth and thermal records were taken using an IR camera and ANN. Brackets were cured with a light-emitting diode (LED) and high intensity halogen (HQTH). Teeth were divided into four groups according to the curing units (LED and HQTH) and curing distances (from tooth surface and 10 mm away from tooth surface). The results were analyzed with analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Tukey HSD test. Results. The ANOVA and Tukey HSD tests revealed that temperature changes were influenced by the type of light source and exposure times. All groups revealed significant differences between each other (p < 0.001). The highest surface temperature increase was gained from curing with a LED unit from the tooth surface (11.35°C ± 0.91°C). The lowest surface temperature increase was gained from curing with a HQTH unit 10 mm away from the tooth surface (2.57°C ± 0.6°C). Conclusion. The LED unit induced significantly higher temperature changes than did the HQTH. The temperature increase during orthodontic bonding was increased with long exposure time. A shorter light-tip tooth surface distance leads to greater increases in temperature.

Esthetic orthodontic archwires: Literature review

There is a growing request for esthetic orthodontic appliances and by the effect of this request, most of the companies produced new esthetic appliances. These new appliances combine both acceptable esthetics and adequate technical performance. Recently, coated metallic and fiber-reinforced wires have beenintroduced to solve esthetic appearance problem. In the literature, there are some studies mostly researching on mechanical, color, and roughness properties. They are clinically acceptable but so many properties must be studied and must be developed for better results.

Bond strength of aged lingual retainers

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to examine the tensile bond strength (TBS) of two different lingual retainer (LR) composite systems and three LR wires after they were aged by loadcycling and thermocycling. Materials and Methods: A 15 mm length of wire was bonded to the lingual surfaces of pairs of human incisors using two bonding techniques. Seventy-two pairs of incisors were placed into six groups, and loadcycling (50,000 times) and thermocycling (10,000 times) were performed. The failure characteristics examined included the maximum force for debonding and the site of failure. The adhesive remnant index scores were calculated. Data were compared by two-way analysis of variance and Tukey highly significant difference analysis. Results: All groups generally showed statistically significant differences in TBS score (P < 0.05). For each group, the highest average TBS score (P < 0.05) was obtained from a Transbond LR + Remalloy LR combination. The main failure type was a mixed failure. Conclusions: Retainer wire and composite combinations had significant differences. One of the best selection criteria for LRs is the determination of the bond strength needs of a case.

Effect of caffeic acid phenethyl ester on bone formation in the expanded inter-premaxillary suture

Background Narrow maxilla is a common problem in orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics. To solve this problem, a procedure called rapid maxillary expansion (RME) has been used. However, relapse tendency is a major problem of RME. Although relapse tendency is not clearly understood, various treatment procedures and new applications have been investigated. The present study aimed to investigate the possible effectiveness of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) on new bone formation in rat midpalatal suture after RME. Materials and methods Twenty male Sprague Dawley rats were used in this study. The animals were randomly divided into two groups as control and CAPE group. In the CAPE group, CAPE was administered systemically via intraperitoneal injection. RME procedure was performed on all animals. For this purpose, the springs were placed on the maxillary incisors of rats and activated for 5 days. After then, the springs were removed and replaced with short lengths of rectangular retaining wire for consolidation period of 15 days. At the end of the study, histomorphometric analysis was carried out to assess new bone formation. Results New bone formation was significantly greater in the CAPE group than the control group (P<0.05). CAPE enhances new bone formation in midpalatal suture after RME. Conclusion These results show that CAPE may decrease the time needed for retention.

Effect of Energy Drink on Bone Formation in the Expanded Inter-Premaxillary Suture

Abstract Maxillary expansion of the median palatal suture is a common procedure in orthodontics. Even after retention, there is a strong tendency to relapse in the expanded suture. The authors’ objectives are to accelerate the bone formation process in the expanded suture and to reduce the required retention time by using an energy drink (ED). Twenty rats were divided into 2 groups (n = 20). The expansion-only group was defined as the control group (Group C). The other group was defined as the expansion-plus-energy drink group (Group ED). In Group ED, ED was administered systemically through oro-gastric tubes after the expansion period. After 5 days of expansion, the springs were removed and replaced with short lengths of rectangular retaining wire. Tooth separation was maintained for 12 days. Histomorphometric analysis showed significant differences between the 2 groups in terms of newly formed bone (P = 0.018) and the bone area (P = 0.007). For the parameters that were investigated, Group ED had better results than Group C. These results show that systemic administration of an ED during the early stages of the orthopedic expansion of the inter-maxillary suture areas can stimulate bone formation and decrease the time required for retention.

Management of dental - orthopedic problems in down syndrome

Down Syndrome (DS) is one the most prevalent genetic disorder. This genetic disorder has physical and mental features including musculoskeletal (e.g. incorrect swallowing pattern), nervous (e.g. anxiety), and dental problems. Maintaining oral health is very important for these kinds of patients. Oral health or dental problems related to DS are localized or generalized periodontitis, mandibular prognatisma, underdeveloped maxilla, caries lesions, delayed eruptions, and oligodontia. Because of dental-oral part is the first part of the digestive system, there is need for orthodontic treatment maintaining better occlusion and mastication. In this case report, orthopedic, orthodontic, periodontal, prosthetic, and conservative dental treatments of a DS patient were presented. These kinds of patients should not be excluded from the dentistry patient population.

Reliability Assessment of Orthodontic Apps for Cephalometrics

Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy and reliability of cephalometric measurements using iPad apps called CephNinja and SmartCeph Pro. The measurements were compared with the measurements obtained using Dolphin Imaging computer software. Methods Twenty digital cephalometric radiographs were randomly selected from the archives and traced using the CephNinja app, SmartCeph Pro app, and Dolphin Imaging software. Twenty-one landmarks and 16 measurements were performed in each program. The statistical analysis was conducted using the Bland-Altman analysis at a significance level of 0.05. Results For the CephNinja app, there were seven measurements that were in accordance with Dolphin Imaging software. For the SmartCeph Pro app, six measurements were in accordance with Dolphin software. Both apps gave better results for angular measurements than linear ones. Conclusion These findings indicate that, although they are user-friendly, orthodontic apps for cephalometrics are not equal with Dolphin software now and need to be developed to be more reliable for most of the measurements.