Setegn Gebeyehu

Improved rice seed use and drivers of source choice for rice farmers in Tanzania

ABSTRACT Returns on investment into development of new rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties are realized when the varieties are widely used by farmers to enhance crop productivity. This study was conducted to investigate the dynamics in the use of improved varieties/seeds and the sources preferred by farmers. The study employed formal survey and a multistage, random sampling to obtain data from 360 rice farmers from Kyela, Kahama and Kilombero districts of Tanzania. Descriptive statistics and multinomial logit model were used for data analysis. Results highlighted that nonavailability of improved seeds, lack of awareness about improved seeds and low specialization in rice production were the major factors responsible for little or no use of improved seeds by farmers. Perceived utility drivers in the choice of rice varieties to be used by farmers were yield, market appeal (marketability), taste, aroma and milling quality. Furthermore, 90% of rice seed used by farmers came from farmer-managed seed systems. The driving factors for the choice of source of rice seeds used by farmers were crop establishment method used, access to credit and high level of specialization of farmers (p < 0.05). The study suggests that extensive promotion of improved varieties by public and private sector actors can considerably enhance the use of improved rice seeds in the country. Regular monitoring of variety adoption and strengthening of the improved rice seed supply system to foster efficient and effective use of improved seeds should help ensure returns on investment into variety development.

Phosphorus Use Efficiency of Common Bean Cultivars in Ethiopia

ABSTRACT Phosphorus (P) deficiency in the soil is one of the major factors limiting common bean production in Ethiopia. A pot experiment was conducted in a glasshouse at Hawassa University in southern Ethiopia to evaluate twelve common bean cultivars for P use efficiency at three phosphorus rates (0, 120, and 240 kg P2O5 ha−1). The results of the study revealed that the interaction effect of cultivar and P rates significantly (P < 0.01) influenced grain yield efficiency index (GYEI), grain yield and yield attributing traits, leaf P concentration, root length, diameter and surface area. Grain yield efficiency index at low and medium phosphorus rates indicated that Red-Wolaita, Dinkinesh, Tabour, Nasir and Haramaya are P-efficient, whereas Chore was found to be P-inefficient. These genotypic variations could be exploited for sustainable production of the crop by fitting suitable varieties to soils with variable P availability. Thus, the P-efficient cultivars indicated above could be recommended for cultivation by smallholder farmers in soil with low P availability that is dominant in the study area.