Seth O’Donnell

Peroneal Tendon Pathology

The lateral compartment musculo-tendinous units can be a frequent source of pain and instability following trauma. Radiographic signs may be helpful in making diagnosis; however, advanced imaging modalities are often helpful.

Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease

Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease is a hereditary motor-sensory neuropathy. It commonly presents as a cavo-varus foot. The tibialis anterior and peroneus brevis are weak, while the peroneus longus and tibialis posterior are strong. The Coleman block test is key in assessing the deformity.

Pilon (Axial Load) Ankle Fractures

Pilon fractures (Fig. 50.1) are high energy injuries. Workup includes evaluation of open versus closed injury, neurovascular compromise, compartment assessment, intra-articular versus extra-articular fracture lines, impaction at the joint surface, and associated injuries.

Pediatric Ankle Fractures

Comprehensive workup of pediatric ankle fractures (Fig. 52.1) includes evaluation of open vs. closed neurovascular compromise, Salter-Harris classification, associated injuries, displaced vs. non-displaced, status of physeal closure, and CT appearance after reduction.

Injuries of the Hindfoot

Comprehensive workup of hindfoot injuries includes evaluation of open vs. closed injury neurovascular compromise, fracture vs. dislocation vs. fracture-dislocation, intraarticular vs. extra-articular, stability after reduction, energy of injury, associated injuries, and displaced vs. non-displaced.

Injuries to the Forefoot

Complete workup of forefoot injuries (Fig. 55.1) includes evaluation of open vs. closed injury neurovascular compromise, compartment assessment, high vs. low energy, intraarticular vs. extra-articular, impaction at joint surface, and associated injuries.

Rotational Ankle Fractures

Complete workup for rotational ankle fractures (Fig. 51.1) includes evaluation of open vs. closed injury, neurovascular compromise, intra-articular vs. extra-articular, stability after reduction, associated injuries, and displaced vs. non-displaced.

Injuries of the Midfoot

Complete workup for midfoot injuries – Lisfranc injuries, navicular fractures, navicular dislocation, cuboid fractures, and crush injuries – includes evaluation of open versus closed injury, neurovascular compromise, compartment assessment, high versus low energy, intra-articular versus extra-articular, impaction at joint surface, and associated injuries.

Adult Distal Radius Fractures

A common injury, distal radius fractures (see Fig. 15.1) require timely sensory and motor evaluation along with associated wounds for possible open fracture. Median nerve paresthesia or pain out of proportion suggests acute carpal tunnel syndrome.