Seth Young

Evaluation of Pedestrian Walking Speeds in Airport Terminals

Despite the fact that significant investment has been made to install automated pedestrian movement systems within airport terminals, little is known about their effects on airport pedestrian flows. Specifically, while walking speeds of pedestrians have been studied in general, such analysis specific to airport passengers has been lacking. New insight into the walking speeds of airport pedestrians is provided. Corridors with and without moving walkways, the most common of airport automated pedestrian movement systems, are considered. Pedestrian movements in various airport terminal corridors are empirically observed, and observed walking speeds are compared with those of research performed in other transportation terminals. Furthermore, the effects on walking speeds of observable characteristics of pedestrians and the surrounding environment are investigated. The effect of moving walkways on pedestrian walking speeds is examined. A methodology for estimating the travel time of pedestrians on moving walkways under various traffic-flow conditions is derived. Application of the methodology using empirically collected data reveals interesting results about the movement of pedestrians through corridors with moving walkways. The analysis presented may be used to estimate expected travel times in airport corridors, and to examine the effects of potential infrastructure investments on such times. The goal of such an analysis is to improve the quality of service at the airport terminal, particularly for the pedestrians who traverse its corridors.

First documentation of the Ordovician Guttenberg δ13C excursion (GICE) in Asia: chemostratigraphy of the Pagoda and Yanwashan formations in southeastern China

The only published VC data from the Ordovician of China are from the Lower and Upper Ordovician, and only the latter records include a significant excursion, namely the Hirnantian excursion (HICE). Our recent chemostratigraphic work on the Upper Ordovician (Sandbian-Katian) Pagoda and Yanwashan formations at several localities oil the Yangtze Platform and Chiangnan (Jiangnan) slope belt has resulted in the recognition of a positive delta C-13 excursion that has values of similar to+1.5 parts per thousand above baseline values. This excursion starts a few metres above a stratigraphic interval with B. alobatus Subzone conodonts as well as graptolites of the N. gracilis Zone. The distinctive conodonts Amorphognathus aff. Am. ventilatus and Hamarodus europaeus first occur at, or very near, the excursion interval. Because these conodonts appear in the stratigraphic interval of the Guttenberg VC excursion (GICE) in Estonia, we identify the Chinese excursion as the GICE. This is the first record of the GICE in the entire Asian continent. It confirms that GICE is a global excursion and provides an illustration of how VC chemostratigraphy, combined with new biostratigraphic data, solves the problem of the previously controversial age of the Pagoda Formation and how this classical stratigraphic unit correlates with the Baltoscandian and North American successions.

SMALL AIRCRAFT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS: EFFECTS ON ACCESSIBILITY TO COMMERCIAL AIR TRANSPORTATION FOR FLORIDA'S SUBURBAN AND RURAL POPULATION

One of the primary goals of the Small Aircraft Transportation System (SATS) program sponsored by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration is to “create access to more communities in less time.” The program targets to improve accessibility to commercial air transportation to underserved suburban and rural communities. By implementing the latest technology communications and navigation systems at strategically located general aviation and light commercial airports, SATS hopes to bring enhanced levels of accessibility to these markets. Results are presented of a study conducted to identify the regions within the state of Florida where the implementation of SATS technology would be most beneficial in terms of providing accessible commercial air service to currently underserved suburban and rural communities. The study considers the current use of public-use airports within the state and correlates the availability of commercial air service to the state’s population density and transportation infrastructure characteristics to estimate the percentage of the state’s population that lives within “tolerably accessible” 30-min travel times to the airports that provide such service. It was found that less than 70% of Florida’s population lives within a 30-min drive of a commercial service airport. Several airports within the state are identified where, if commercial service capabilities were provided through SATS technology, accessibility to air transportation would increase to 95% of the population. The results of this study are currently being applied as part of a program led by the Southeast SATS Lab consortium to bring SATS to Florida and the southeastern United States.

Cognitive Engineering Considerations in the Development of an Information Retrieval System: Avoiding Fixation on Technological Substitutes

This discussion reflects on cognitive engineering considerations highlighted by a recent design project developing recommendations for database, functional, and interface design requirements for a General Aviation (GA) performance data repository in order to improve aviation safety. Data collection systems can now record hundreds of key flight parameters, such as altitude, air speed, route (latitude/longitude), pitch, roll, oil pressure, power, and so forth (Higgins, Clachar, & Hennselek, 2013). In addition, other parameters may need to be manually entered by the pilot or inferred (e.g., on what runway it landed). This data repository is intended to improve aviation safety in two ways. First, it could provide analysts with access to aggregated data to more thoroughly evaluate GA safety. Second—the focus of this paper—it could provide individual GA pilots, chief pilots, and flight instructors with feedback on an individual’s performance coupled with data on how this pilot compares with other GA pilots. In particular, such individuals would want to know when an important event occurs, such as an exceeding some established norm or limit. To set the stage for this design project, members of the design team included specialists in cognitive systems engineering, software engineering, design and operation of the aviation system, GA piloting and instruction, and industrial design. The assumption is that these pilots would commonly access the repository using tablet-sized devices via a web browser, thus limiting screen real estate and the underlying architecture. It is assumed that the users will be web fluent but not necessarily power users, that many of them will be occasional users, and that they will be familiar with the aviation terminology used in the system.

DV8: Interactive Analysis of Aviation Data

The vast volume of real-time air traffic data, being produced through new digital transmissions of the movement of aircraft throughout the US National Airspace System (NAS), is a rich resource for evaluating the performance of the system. To date, the potential for comprehensively analyzing this data has yet to be tapped, precisely due to a lack of tools that limit fully interactive data visualization. In this paper, we propose DV8, an interactive data visualization framework which provides in immediately visualized aviation-oriented insights, with a focus on evaluating the deviations among flights by route, type, airport, and aircraft performance. By providing scenarios validated by aviation experts, we illustrate different utilities of DV8 in areas such as capacity planning, flight route prediction, and fuel consumption.

Airport Leadership Development Program

Future airport leaders require a deeper understanding of current issues and critical concerns as seen from the top of an airport organization. There are few low-risk settings where airport executives can exercise self-evaluation of leadership and decision-making skills with a group of their peers and mentors and further develop the business acumen needed to direct public- and private-sector organizations in the airport industry. This publication provides all the components for a turn-key program that can be used by industry associations, academic institutions, airport organizations, and others to assist existing and future airport leaders to assess, obtain, and refine airport-industry leadership skills. The program includes forms for a full 360-degree individual assessment of core leadership traits. A complete facilitator guide with Microsoft PowerPoint presentations and participant workbooks and materials are also included on the CD-ROM, CRP-CD-133, that accompanies the print version of the report. The CD-ROM is also available for download from the Transportation Research Boards website as an ISO image.

Popular Nonprofit Management Research Sources on CD‐ROM

Nonprofit World 1983–1996. Madison, Wis.: Learning Institute for Nonprofit Organizations, 1997.

Airport planning & management

50 CD-ROM. FC Search: The Foundation Centers Database on CD-ROM, Version 2.0. New York: Foundation Center, 1997.

An Analysis of the Causes of Airfield Incursions Attributed to Ground Vehicles

1,995 CD-ROM personal version.