Setiawan Koesdarto

Morphologic and morphometric characteristics of ascaroid worm, Ophidascaris piscatori in Xenochrophis piscator snake in Sidoarjo, Indonesia

Aim: The study was conducted to describe the morphology and morphometry of nematode worm in the stomach of Xenochrophis piscator snake macroscopically and microscopically using light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Materials and Methods: The sample was 40 nematode worms that have been collected from 60 snakes which slaughtered at snake slaughterhouses in Sidoarjo, Indonesia. The worms (10 male and 10 female) were stained with carmine, and the others were sent to Indonesian Science Institute for ultrastructure observation by SEM. Some of the female worms were immersed in physiological NaCl and incubated to collect the worm eggs. Results: Nematode worm in this study had three lips with almost the same size and it had papillae, so it was included in ascaridoid. The mouth of ascaridoids has three lips, the dorsal bearing two large outer papillae and the each lateroventral with one papilla. The body length and width of the male worm were 70-105 mm and 0.92-1.32, respectively, with head diameter of 0.22-0.28 mm. Dorsal and ventrolateral lips almost have the same size that was 0.10-0.12×0.11-0.13 mm. The length of interlabia was 0.06-0.08 mm, esophagus was 3.21-4 mm, tail was 0.17-0.23 mm, and spicule was 2.12-3.36 mm. The body length and width of the female worm were 85-130 mm and 1.28-1.71 mm, respectively. The head diameter was 0.29-0.38 mm. Dorsal and ventrolateral lips almost have the same size that was 0.13-0.16×0.15-0.19 mm. The interlabial length was 0.08-0.10 mm, esophagus was 3.04-4.67 mm, and tail was 0.22-0.31 mm. The distance of the vulva from the anterior edge was 56-88 mm with an average of 67.35 mm. The eggs have conspicuously pitted with length 0.08-0.09 mm and width 0.07-0.08 mm. Conclusion: Based on the characteristics of morphology and morphometry, the ascaroid worms found on X. piscator snake from Sidoarjo, Indonesia, were O. piscatori.

Anisakidae as a Bioindicator Candidate in Response of Environmental Damage

The increase of environmental damage in coastal and marine areas can affect the presence of marine ecosystems and fishery products such as reducing the type of fish, and causing the decline of fish obtained from the sea. This will certainly affect the socio-economy in coastal areas, especially for groups of fishermen and traders. To prevent the occurrence of environmental damage in coastal and marine areas, it is necessary to develop an early warning system. Anisakidae has the potential as an early warning system as it works as a bioindicator. This research was expost facto research with purposive sampling from two different areas in East Java, between January and March 2016. Thirty samples of groupers from coastal Probolinggo were the areas exposed to anthropogenic effects and thirty samples from coastal Tuban were selected as areas far from anthropogenic effects. The results showed that Anisakidae in groupers between the sample from coastal Probolinggo and coastal Tuban had different levels of parasitological indexes. The prevalence from coastal Probolinggo was only 10%, with the infestation rate being very low 2. It was different with the sample from coastal Tuban, with the prevalence being 80% and infestation rate 5.9%. The data was analysed with a Mann Whitney test which showed that there was a significant difference in Anisakidae infestation in groupers between the two areas. This research showed that areas exposed to anthropoghenic effects have a low infestation rate of Anisakidae if compared with areas far from anthropogenic effects. Knowing the infestation rate of Anisakidae, people and the government can measure and overcome environmental damage in coastal and marine areas. Keywords—Anisakidae; Infestation rate; Bioindicator; Environmental damage

Karakterisasi Protein VirB4 Brucella abortus Isolat Lokal dengan Teknik Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis

Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease cause by pathogenic bacteria of the genus Brucella. The disease infects livestock mammals such as cows, goats, pigs, and including humans. Brucella abortus has several potential virulence factors, i.e. Proteins VirB. Type IV secretion system (T4SS) which is a combination of 12 proteins from VirB1-VirB11 and VirD4. Brucella can survive for long periods in the environment despite the limitations of nutrients and oxygen. This study aims to characterize the protein VirB4 of local isolate of B. abortus using SDS PAGE (Sodium Dodecly sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis). The results showed that the protein contained 10 protein bands with a molecular weight of 158.93; 110.89; 99.931; 70.60; 64.61; 59.25; 45.32; 42.35; 23.63; and 16.70 kDa, respectively. Protein VirB4 of the local isolate of B. abortus have a molecular weight of 59.25 kDa.