Settar Koçak

Coincidence-Anticipation Timing and Reaction Time in Youth Tennis and Table Tennis Players:

The purpose of this study was to compare the coincidence-anticipation timing and reaction times (RT) of 10- to 14-year-old tennis and table tennis players and examine possible sex differences. 107 (51.4%) tennis and 101 (48.6%) table tennis players participated in this study. Players were compared on coincidence-anticipation timing and reaction time. Tennis players performed with less error in the coincidence-anticipation timing task than table tennis players, whereas table tennis players had lower mean reaction time than tennis players. It was also found that male players made fewer errors in the coincidence-anticipation timing task than their female counterparts.

Impact of Sponsorship on Companies That Supported the 2002 Salt Lake City Winter Paralympics

The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of sponsorship on companies that supported the 2002 Winter Paralympics. The aim of the study was to find out whether sponsorship was related to positive cumulative abnormal returns on the stocks of selected companies. Specifically, was there a difference between the stock values of the 16 companies (with shares in US markets) that sponsored Paralympic games versus leading competitors that did not? Results indicated that no differences existed between those companies that chose to sponsor Paralympics and their leading competitors at any of the time periods F(1, 30 ) = 1.15, p < .05. These findings were consistent with past studies conducted on sport events for persons without disabilities. Further studies are needed to measure other possible company gains by sponsoring Paralympics.

The effects of eccentric hamstring training on lower extremity strength and landing kinetics in recreational female athletes

Hamstring training involving eccentric loading is an important protective factor in hamstring injuries. However, the effect of this mode of training on lower extremity loading in landing maneuver performance is unknown. The purpose of this study was to examine variations in eccentric hamstring strength after 10-weeks training program and the possible changes in landing kinetics. Twenty five recreational female athletes were voluntarily assigned to the Nordic Hamstraing Strength Training (N = 13) or control groups (N = 12). The training group performed 10-weeks eccentric hamstring strength training program. Baseline measures of landing kinetics were collected using a force plate while strength data was evaluated using an isokinetic dynamometer. Results indicated that NHST group increased their eccentric hamstring strength (pre = 2.34 ± 0.28, post = 2.57 ± 0.25 Nm/kgbw; p < 0.05) after training program albeit without changes in the dynamic control ratio. There were also significant decreases in peak anterior-posterior ground reaction force (PAPGRF; pre = 1.14 ± 0.21 BW, post = 0.85 ± 0.27 BW; p < 0.05) and peak vertical ground reaction force (PVGRF; pre = 6.27 ± 1.00 BW, post = 5.34 ± 1.01 BW; p < 0.05) scores for NHST group. The present study supports the positive effect of eccentric hamstring strength in altering landing kinetics in order to decrease the applied forces.

Comparison of the Static and Dynamic Balance Between Normal-Hearing and Hearing-Impaired Wrestlers

Balance is fundamental in sport, especially when there is an opponent. Although balance can be improved with practice, it is highly aff ected by nervous system disorders, particularly by vestibular disorders and visual impairment. Th e purpose of this study was to compare static and dynamic balance between normal and hearing-impaired wrestlers. Th e participants were 52 young male hearing-impaired wrestlers (n=29, age=18.76±3.54) and normal-hearing athletes (n=23, age=19.09±2.76) competing at the national level. Th e static and dynamic balance were measured using the stork test on one foot and the Y-balance test (in anterior, posteromedial & posterolateral directions). MANOVA indicated signifi cant diff erences between groups (Wilks’ L=.284, F12,39=8.21, p<.05, η2=.72). Diff erences were detected in how long the participant had been active in the sport F(year) (F1,50=145.95, p<.025, η2=.75) and right leg static balance (F1,50=73.63, p<.025, η2=.60). As for the Y balance test, there was also a signifi cant diff erence in the anterior direction for the right leg (F1,50=4880.66, p<.025, η2=.99) and left leg (F1,50=3563.87, p<.025, η2=.99). Hearing-impaired wrestlers performed better balance abilities in the dynamic balance test of right and left legs in the anterior direction. In contrast, the amount of time active in the sport and the static balance of the right leg were found better in normal-hearing wrestlers. Being better than normal wrestlers only in the anterior direction of the dynamic balance might be due to the diff erences related to the directions of the test. Future studies are recommended for investigating the reasons for this diff erence.

Olimpiyat Oyunları’nda Sporcu Devşirilmesi

Farkli bir ulkede dogmus, ancak baska bir ulke vatandasligina gecerek, vatandasligina gectigi ulkeyi temsil eden sporculara “devsirme sporcular” denilmektedir. Yetenekli ve basarili sporcularin devsirilmesi kuresellesen dunyada bir gerceklik olarak karsimiza cikmaktadir. Ozellikle, Olimpiyat Oyunlari’nda sayica cok karsilastigimiz devsirme sporcular, spor kamuoyunda bir cok tartismaya neden olmaktadir. Ancak, devsirme sporcular ile ilgili ulusal ve uluslararasi alanyazin arastirildiginda, konu ile ilgili bir cok gazete haberi veya makale bulunsa da bilimsel tabanli calismalarin sayica az oldugu gorulmektedir. Bu calismada, Turkiye’de ve Dunya ulkelerinde tarihsel surecte devsirme sporcularin yeri ve onemi, ayrica devsirme sporcularin Olimpiyat Oyunlari’na etkisi betimsel tarama modeli kullanilarak arastirilmistir. Bunun icin, a) devsirme kavrami ve tarihsel gelisimi, b) devsirme sporcular icin uygulanan kanun ve yonetmelikler, c) Dunya ulkelerinde ve Turkiye’de tarihsel surecte devsirme sporcularin yeri ve onemi, ve d) devsirme sporcularin Olimpiyat Oyunlari’na etkisi konu basliklari incelenmistir. Gelecekte sporcu devsirilmesinin daha saglikli, adaletli ve uygun yapilmasi icin bu tur calismalarin yapilmasi ve dogru politikalarin olusturulmasi gerekliligi ortaya konulmustur. Ayrica, Turkiye acisindan, sadece devsirme sporculara bagli basari getirecek politikalar olusturulmasinin yanlis oldugu, bunun yerine alt yapiya onem verilerek kendi sporcularimizin yetistirilmesi icin eylem planlarinin olusturulmasi ve spor kulturunun yayginlastirilmasi onerilmektedir.

Examining the effect of experiential marketing on behavioral intentions in a festival with a specific sport event

ABSTRACT Research question: Participation in sport events is a significant aspect of experience. So far very few analyses exist that shed light on the kind of experiences that satisfy participants within the context of sport events. Using an experiential marketing approach, a behavioral model was tested in which perceived experiences and attitudes were proposed to interact with satisfaction to predict behavioral intentions of participants in festival with a specific sport event. Research methods: The proposed model was tested by path analysis. The sample setting of this study was Dragon Fest, which is held in Turkey’s different cities. Data for the pilot study were collected from 358 Dragon Fest participants in 2013, while a different sample of 490 participants were included in the main study for the path analysis. Results and findings: The current study verified the value of incorporating an experiential approach into sport event modeling. The relative importance of hedonic and utilitarian attitudes on sport event evaluation decisions was also presented. This study is unique in considering the utility of both hedonic and utilitarian attitudes and 4E experiences in a sport event context. Implications: Sport event organizers should design their event programs to facilitate experiencing different types of experiences with regard to senses of feeling (entertainment), learning (education), being (esthetic), and doing (escapist). This may be a convenient tool for sport and leisure-marketing efforts because the more experience dimensions an event incorporates the more individuals become satisfied and repeat attendance behavior in the future.

P-13 Effects of a short-term walking program on lung function of obese early adolescent boys

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a sort-term walking exercise on some lung function parameters (such as forced vital capacity (FVC) and maximal voluntary ventilation (MVV)) in obese children. Total of 23 subjects who have BMI (body mass index) > 25 kg/m2 and age ranged from 12 to 14 years participated in this study. Subjects were randomly divided into two groups as intervention (n = 12) and control group (n = 11). Anthropometric features of subjects were shown in Table 1. For this study, lung function parameters were measured by using a spirometer. In this research, throughout 6 weeks, participants followed a closely supervised walking program consisted of 45-min sessions five times in each week with an intensity of 60% of heart rate reserve. SPSS was used for statistical analyses (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL). T tests were utilised to compare before and after the changes between groups. Table 2 shows that there were significant increases in FVC and maximum MVV (p < 0.05) in intervention group. Although before the study the mean baseline FVC was 2.99 ± 0, 50 litres (L), this value changed to 3,09 ± 0,51(L) after the 6-week walking period. Further, MVV values of post-training period were significantly higher than that of pre-training period (111.73 ± 21.99 vs. 115.21 ± 18.99; Pre-training vs. Post-training. p < 0.05). Control group had no significant change in all outcomes from pretest to posttest (p > 0.05). All in all, short-term walking program had a significant positive effect on FVC and MVV lung functions. This research was designed to specify the effect of walking on respiratory system. The result of this study indicated that a short-term moderate intensity walking exercise may enhance changes in obese children’s respiratory system. Abstract P-13 Table 1 Anthropometric data of subjects for the groups Baseline Measure Intervention group (n = 12) Control group (n = 11) P Age (year) 13,42 ± 079 13,20 ± 0,63 >0,05 Height (m) 1,58 ± 0,03 1,60 ± 0,02 >0,05 Weight (kg) 64,54 ± 3,86 65,36 ± 1,99 >0,05 BMI (Weight/height2) 25,93 ± 1,27 25,47 ± 0,72 >0,05 Abstract P-13 Table 2 Outcome measures at baseline and post-intervention Baseline Post-intervention Measure Intervention group (n = 12) Control group (n = 11) Pa Intervention group (n = 12) Control group (n = 11) Pb FVC 2,99 ± 0,51 2,94 ± 0,50 0,58 3,09 ± 0,51 2,94 ± 0,46 0,31 MVV 111,73 ± 21,99 110,79 ± 13,79 0,81 115,21 ± 18,99 102,21 ± 10,32 0,29 Values are given as mean ± standard deviations. aBaseline comparisons between intervention and control groups, P value from t-test comparison. bPost-test-baseline comparisons between intervention and control groups.