Seunggon Jung

Reduction Malarplasty Using Modified L-Shaped Osteotomy

t m Zygomatic bone, which protrudes on both sides of the midface, plays an important role in determining the facial impression. Many esthetic differences regarding the malar prominence exist between Asians and whites. In the West, augmentation malarplasty s performed mainly because a slightly prominent alar is believed to be esthetically pleasing. In ontrast, in the East, a prominent malar is believed o project an aggressive and unpleasing impression, articularly for women. Therefore, many reduction alarplasty procedures have been developed. For eduction malarplasty, bone shaving, infracture, and I-shaped and L-shaped osteotomy methods ave been used. Of these techniques, an I-shaped osteotomy can e used for a moderate or severe malar promience. This is an effective and safe method for educing the anterior zygoma with no damage to he maxillary sinus. This method, however, can esult in insufficient bone reduction ( 5 mm) and isturb the middle 0.333 of the zygoma (the most rominent area). An L-shaped osteotomy can be used for severe malar protrusion. The fracture line

Cold-storage of mixed inoculum of Glomus intraradices enhances root colonization, phosphorus status and growth of hot pepper

Growth response of hot pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) inoculated with the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus, Glomus intraradices Schenck and Smith was evaluated in a greenhouse study. Three treatments in a soil-based medium amended with rock phosphate were: (1) control (CON), (2) inoculation of G. intraradices as a freshly prepared soil mixture of spores, hyphae and colonized roots of Sorghum vulgare (FM), and (3) inoculation of the fungus as cold-stored mixed inoculum (CM). Colonization at 14 weeks after inoculation with CM was 42.5%, but was significantly lower with FM (14.5%). Inoculation with G. intraradices as FM and CM increased growth of pepper, and total phosphorus and nitrogen uptake in shoots and roots compared with the CON treatment. Inoculation with CM resulted in significant increases in plant dry weight and chlorophyll concentration compared to the FM and CON treatments. Acid phosphatase activity in the rhizosphere was generally increased by AM fungal treatments. Highest acid phosphatase activity occurred at 14 weeks after inoculation with CM. Alkaline phosphatase activity in the CM treatment was significantly higher compared to that in CON and FM treatments throughout the growth period. Thus, cold storage of mixed inoculum enhanced colonization and growth-promoting activity of G. intraradices compared to freshly prepared inoculum.

Esculetin Induces Apoptosis Through EGFR/PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway and Nucleophosmin Relocalization

Esculetin, a coumarin compound, has anti‐proliferative effects on various types of human cancer cells, but its effect on oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is unknown. In this study, we determined whether esculetin had anti‐proliferative effects on two oral squamous cell lines, HN22, and HSC2. We found that esculetin inhibited cell viability by inducing apoptosis, as evinced by apoptotic cell morphologies, nuclear fragmentation, and the multi‐caspase/MMP activity. Furthermore, proteomic analysis was used to identify the target‐specific proteins involved in esculetin treatment. Intriguingly, apoptotic cell death by esculetin was associated with significant inhibition of the EGFR/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. We also demonstrated that the expression of nucleophosmin (NPM) markedly decreased after esculetin treatment, and relocalization of NPM from the nucleous to the cytoplasm, together with p65, potentiated apoptotic stimulation. Additionally, our data indicated that NPM expression was markedly higher in OSCC tissues than in normal tissues. Our results collectively indicated that esculetin inhibited the proliferation of OSCC through EGFR‐mediated signaling pathways and down‐regulation of NPM as well as the perturbation of NPM trafficking from the nucleolus to the cytoplasm resulted in apoptosis. J. Cell. Biochem. 117: 1210–1221, 2016.

Odontogenic infection involving the secondary fascial space in diabetic and non-diabetic patients: a clinical comparative study.

OBJECTIVES This retrospective study was performed to evaluate the clinical impact of diabetes mellitus on the prognosis in secondary space infection. MATERIALS AND METHODS Medical records, radiographic images, computed tomography, and microbial studies of 51 patients (25 diabetic patients and 26 non-diabetic patients) were reviewed. Patients were diagnosed as secondary fascial space infections with odontogenic origin and underwent treatment at Chonnam National University Hospital, in Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, from January 2007 to February 2009. RESULTS COMPARED TO PATIENTS WITHOUT DIABETES, PATIENTS WITH DIABETES WERE PRESENTED WITH THE FOLLOWING CHARACTERISTICS: older age (diabetic patients: 62.9 years, non-diabetic patients, 47.8 years), more spaces involved (diabetic patients, 60%; non-diabetic patients, 27.3%), more intense treatment, longer hospitalization (diabetic patients, 28.9 days; non-diabetic patients, 15.4 days), higher white blood cell and C-reactive protein values, higher incidence of complication (diabetic patients, 40%; non-diabetic patients, 7.7%), and distinctive main causative microorganisms. CONCLUSION These results suggest that the prognosis of diabetic patients is poorer than that of non-diabetic patients in secondary space infections since they had greater incidence rates of involved spaces, abnormal hematologic findings, more complications, and additional procedures, such as tracheostomy.

Comparative study of the sinus septa between dentulous and edentulous patients by cone beam computed tomography.

Purpose:The purpose of this study was to conduct radiographic comparison of maxillary septa in dentulous and edentulous patients using 3-dimensional cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and Methods:From November- 2008 to August 2010, the CBCT of full dentulous 100 patients was conducted randomly at the Department of Radiology, Chonnam National University Dental Hospital. Septa in the maxillary sinus were analyzed. Also, CBCT of 51 patients with partial or full edentulous dentition on maxillary posterior area was obtained. The height of the maxillary sinus septa was measured from the sinus floor, the location divided by the anterior, middle, and posterior portion, and the direction was determined to be the buccopalatal, sagittal, and transverse course. Results:In dentulous patients, sinus septa were found in 27% with 6.01 ± 2.21 mm mean height. The mean age of these patients was 24 years and 9 months, and most septa were found in anterior portion with a buccopalatal course. In cases of edentulous patients, the prevalence of edentulous patients with septa was 25.8% with 5.30 ± 1.90 mm mean height. The mean age of the patients was 63 years and 4 months, and most of septa were in the middle portion with a buccopalatal direction. Conclusion:There was no significant difference in the prevalence, incidence, height, location, and direction of maxillary sinus septa between dentulous and edentulous patients (P > 0.05).

Role of transcription factor Sp1 in the 4-O-methylhonokiol-mediated apoptotic effect on oral squamous cancer cells and xenograft

Recently, biphenolic components derived from the Magnolia family have been studied for anti-cancer, anti-stress, and anti-inflammatory pharmacological effects. However, the pharmacological mechanism of action of 4-O-methylhonokiol (MH) is not clear in oral cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of MH in apoptosis and its molecular mechanism in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cell lines, HN22 and HSC4, as well as tumor xenografts. Here, we demonstrated that MH decreased cell growth and induced apoptosis in HN22 and HSC4 cells through the regulation of specificity protein 1 (Sp1). We employed several experimental techniques such as MTS assay, DAPI staining, PI staining, Annexin-V/7-ADD staining, RT-PCR, western blot analysis, immunocytochemistry, immunohistochemistry, TUNEL assay and in vivo xenograft model analysis. MH inhibited Sp1 protein expression and reduced Sp1 protein levels via both proteasome-dependent protein degradation and inhibition of protein synthesis in HN22 and HSC4 cells; MH did not alter Sp1 mRNA levels. We found that MH directly binds Sp1 by Sepharose 4B pull-down assay and molecular modeling. In addition, treatment with MH or knocking down Sp1 expression suppressed oral cancer cell colony formation. Moreover, MH treatment effectively inhibited tumor growth and Sp1 levels in BALB/c nude mice bearing HN22 cell xenografts. These results indicated that MH inhibited cell growth, colony formation and also induced apoptosis via Sp1 suppression in OSCC cells and xenograft tumors. Thus, MH is a potent anti-cancer drug candidate for oral cancer.

Acute Airway Obstruction Secondary to Lingual Hematoma after Lower Third Molar Extraction: A Case Report

Few dental procedures are potentially life-threatening. Note, however, that a dental extraction can result in preventable death. Severe post-extraction bleeding can occur, which may give rise to an alarming situation if there is any delay in detecting and managing the problem. The most immediate danger for a healthy patient with severe post-extraction hemorrhage is airway compromise. Acute airway obstruction from post-extraction hematoma is relatively uncommon, but it may occur with fatal consequences if there is any reluctance to maintain the airway clearance. Therefore, dentists and oral and maxillofacial surgeons should have clear understanding of the problem and measures to control it. Active bleeding that is not controlled by local measures in a dental office should be referred to the nearest hospital emergency department as soon as possible for appropriate management.

Interaction of peroxiredoxin V with dihydrolipoamide branched chain transacylase E2 (DBT) in mouse kidney under hypoxia

BackgroundPeroxiredoxin V (Prdx V) plays a major role in preventing oxidative damage as an effective antioxidant protein within a variety of cells through peroxidase activity. However, the function of Prdx V is not limited to peroxidase enzymatic activity per se. It appears to have unique function in regulating cellular response to external stimuli by directing interaction with signaling protein. In this study, we identified Prdx V interacting partners in mouse kidney under hypoxic stress using immunoprecipitation and shotgun proteomic analysis (LC-MS/MS).ResultsImmunoprecipitation coupled with nano-UPLC-MSE shotgun proteomics was employed to identify putative interacting partners of Prdx V in mouse kidney in the setting of hypoxia. A total of 17 proteins were identified as potential interacting partners of Prdx V by a comparative interactomics analysis in kidney under normoxia versus hypoxia. Dihydrolipoamide branched chain transacylase E2 (DBT) appeared to be a prominent candidate protein displaying enhanced interaction with Prdx V under hypoxic stress. Moreover, hypoxic kidney exhibited altered DBT enzymatic activity compared to normoxia. An enhanced colocalization of these two proteins under hypoxic stress was successfully observed in vitro. Furthermore, peroxidatic cysteine residue (Cys48) of Prdx V is likely to be responsible for interacting with DBT.ConclusionsWe identified several proteins interacting with Prdx V under hypoxic condition known to induce renal oxidative stress. In hypoxic condition, we observed an enhanced interaction of Prdx V and DBT protein as well as increased DBT enzymatic activity. The results from this study will contribute to enhance our understanding of Prdx V’s role in hypoxic stress and may suggest new directions for future research.

Proteomic analysis of gingival tissue and alveolar bone during alveolar bone healing

Bone tissue regeneration is orchestrated by the surrounding supporting tissues and involves the build-up of osteogenic cells, which orchestrate remodeling/healing through the expression of numerous mediators and signaling molecules. Periodontal regeneration models have proven useful for studying the interaction and communication between alveolar bone and supporting soft tissue. We applied a quantitative proteomic approach to analyze and compare proteins with altered expression in gingival soft tissue and alveolar bone following tooth extraction. For target identification and validation, hard and soft tissue were extracted from mini-pigs at the indicated times after tooth extraction. From triplicate experiments, 56 proteins in soft tissue and 27 proteins in alveolar bone were found to be differentially expressed before and after tooth extraction. The expression of 21 of those proteins was altered in both soft tissue and bone. Comparison of the activated networks in soft tissue and alveolar bone highlighted their distinct responsibilities in bone and tissue healing. Moreover, we found that there is crosstalk between identified proteins in soft tissue and alveolar bone with respect to cellular assembly, organization, and communication. Among these proteins, we examined in detail the expression patterns and associated networks of ATP5B and fibronectin 1. ATP5B is involved in nucleic acid metabolism, small molecule biochemistry, and neurological disease, and fibronectin 1 is involved in cellular assembly, organization, and maintenance. Collectively, our findings indicate that bone regeneration is accompanied by a profound interaction among networks regulating cellular resources, and they provide novel insight into the molecular mechanisms involved in the healing of periodontal tissue after tooth extraction.

Differential Matrix Metalloprotease (MMP) Expression Profiles Found in Aged Gingiva

The periodontium undergoes age-related cellular and clinical changes, but the involved genes are not yet known. Here, we investigated age-related genetic changes in gingiva at the transcriptomic level. Genes that were differentially expressed between young and old human gingiva were identified by RNA sequencing and verified by real-time PCR. A total of 1939 mRNA transcripts showed significantly differential expression between young and old gingival tissues. Matrix metalloprotease (MMP) regulation was the top pathway involved in gingival aging. MMP3, MMP9, MMP12, and MMP13 were upregulated in old gingival tissues, concomitantly with interleukin-1 beta (IL1B) expression. In vitro experiments using human gingival fibroblasts (hGFs) showed that MMP12 was upregulated in old hGFs compared to young hGFs. Moreover, the MMP3, MMP9 and IL1B levels were more highly stimulated by infection with the oral bacterium, Fusobacterium nucleatum, in old hGFs compared to young hGFs. Collectively, these findings suggest that, in gingiva, the upregulation of MMP12 may be a molecular hallmark of natural aging, while the upregulations of MMP3, MMM9, and IL1B may indicate externally (e.g., infection)-induced aging. These findings contribute to our understanding of the molecular targets involved in gingival aging.