Sevda Kirbag

Antimicrobial and biological effects of N-diphenylphosphoryl-P-triphenylmonophosphazene-II and di(o-tolyl)-phosphoryl-P-tri(o-tolyl)monophosphazene-III on bacterial and yeast cells

The purpose of the study was to synthesize and evaluate the antimicrobial effects of two monophosphazenes, N-diphenylphosphoryl-P-triphenylmonophosphazene-II and N-di(o-tolyl)phosphoryl-P-tri(o-tolyl)monophosphazene-III on bacterial and yeast strains. The biological effects of these molecules were compared with a potential antioxidant vitamin E. According to results, the triphenyl monophosphazene-II has antimicrobial effect on all the bacterial and yeast cells, but tri(o-tolyl)monophosphazene-III has only antimicrobial effect on some bacterial cells. When the concentration of triphenyl monophosphazene-II was raised, it was observed that inhibition zone increased on the bacterial growth media. The biological effects of these molecules were compared to vitamin E in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae culture media. In 200 microg administered culture media, the cell density decreased in vitamin E, triphenyl monophosphazene-II and tri(o-tolyl)monophosphazene-III groups at the end of 24 and 48 h incubation times (p<0.001,p<0.05). While the cell densities in vitamin E and tri(o-tolyl)monophosphazene-II groups decreased partly at the end of 72 h incubation time (p<0.05), its level in triphenyl monophosphazene-II group increased (p<0.01) at the same incubation time. In 1,000 microg administered culture media, cell density was not found to differ between vitamin E and control groups at the end of 24h incubation time, but it was found that the cell densities in triphenyl monophosphazene and tri(o-tolyl)monophosphazene-III groups decreased at the same incubation time (p<0.001). The cell densities in tri(o-tolyl)monophosphazene-III group and triphenyl monophosphazene-II decreased at the end of 48 h incubation time (respectively, p<0.05,p<0.001). In 200 microg administered cell pellets, while the lipid level was not found to differ between control and vitamin E, the lipid level decreased in triphenyl monophosphazene-II and tri(o-tolyl)monophospazene-III groups (respectively, p<0.001,p<0.01). In 1,000 microg administered cell pellets, it was found that the lipid level decreased in vitamin E, triphenyl monophosphazene-II and tri(o-tolyl)monophosphazene-III groups (p<0.001,p<0.01).

Effects of central irisin administration on the uncoupling proteins in rat brain

Irisin is a thermogenic peptide that enables the development of brown adipose tissue from white adipose tissue by activating the UCP1. This study has been designed to determine the effects of the irisin on UCPs. Sprague Dawley female rats were used in the study. 1, 3 and 10μM concentrations of irisin were injected intracerebroventricularly to the rats, and the control group was received only vehicle. The animals were killed at the 16, 24, and 48h time intervals and their brains were taken out. The hypothalamus, pituitary gland, hippocampus, cerebellum, striatum and cortex areas were separated and the UCP2, UCP3, UCP4 and UCP5 mRNA levels were determined. Just before the animals were killed, their body temperatures were recorded. It was observed that after application of the high dose irisin, UCP5 mRNA level in the all brain areas increased (p<0.05); it was also observed that the three doses decreased the UCP4 expression in all brain areas (except the pituitary gland; p<0.05). The UCP2 and UCP3 mRNA expressions showed significantly increase in cerebellum and striatum (p<0.05). The UCP2 mRNA expression decreased in hypothalamus, pituitary gland, hippocampus and cortex areas (p<0.05). It was also observed that the body temperatures of the rats increased depending on the irisin injection and this increase was the most considerable at the 24h (p<0.05). The results of this study suggest that the UCP2-5 is expressed in different areas of the brain, and the irisin affects this expression, and may have effective roles in some brain functions.

Phytochemical Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Some Scorzonera Species

This study was carried out on the phytochemical composition (such as vitamins and flavonoids), element content and antioxidant activity of the Scorzonera suberosa (C. Koch), S. latifolia (Fisch. & Mey.) and S. laciniata (L.) species. The aerial parts of plant samples were used in the analyses. Species composition of vitamins, flavonoids, resveratrol and sugar were determined by using HPLC. Mineral analysis was performed using atomic absorption spectrometry. Antioxidant levels were determined by using DPPH free radical. In flavonoid structure of the aerial parts of the related species, different amounts of rutin, myricetin, morin, quercetin and kaempferol together with ergosterol, stigma sterol and β-sitosterol as phytosterols, vitamin D, vitamin K, α-tocopherol and retinol as vitamins, and arabinose, fructose, glucose, sucrose and maltose as sugars were found. The mineral analyses was related to the existence of Ca, Na, K, Fe, Mn, Zn and Mg with different amounts in all of the three species. However, Cu, Co and Ni were not found. The free radical scavenging effect of the species showed a parallel increase in dose. Consequently, the phytochemical composition and the antioxidant activity of the species used in this study were determined.

3-(Substituted Aryl)-1-benzofuranyl-2-propenones: Antimicrobial Properties of Some Chalcones-Type Compounds and their 2-Pyrazoline Derivatives

2-Acetylbenzofuran on condensation with furan-2-carboxaldehyde and pyrrole-2-carboxaldehyde in methanolic KOH solution yielded the corresponding benzofuran chalcones. These two compounds and nine benzofuran chalcones were synthesized before, were further reacted with hydrazine hydrate in ethanol which led to the formation of 2-pyrazoline derivatives. All the synthesized compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, melting point determination, infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Nine chalcone-type compounds and eleven 2-pyrazolines were evaluated for their biological activities against the six bacteria and the three yeast and it was seen that thirteen compounds showed activity. Four of them are chalcone-type compounds showed more or less activity.

Synthesis, characterization, crystal structure, and antimicrobial studies of 2-morpholinoethyl-substituted benzimidazolium salts and their silver(I)- N -heterocyclic carbene complexes

This article describes synthesis of N-morpholinoethylbenzimidazole (1), 2-morpholinoethyl-substituted benzimidazolium salts (NHC precursors, 2a–c), and their Ag(I) N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes (3a–c). All compounds were characterized by 1H and 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and elemental analysis, and their antimicrobial effects examined. The molecular structure of the NHC precursor 2a1 was established by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Minimum Inhibition Concentration (MIC) values were determined to evaluate their antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative Escherichia coli and Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus bacterial strains and Candida albicans fungal species. All tested samples were compared with silver nitrate. All the compounds exhibited strong antimicrobial activity.

Determination of Phytochemical Contents of Avena sativa (oat) and Its Impact on Debaryomyces hansenii

In the present study fatty acids, vitamins, phytosterol, flavonoid and resveratrol contents and antimicrobial activities of Avena sativa (oat) extracts treated with Debaryomyces hansenii were determined and compared. Avena sativa is consumed as the fibrous food worldwide. It was shown that total fatty acids and vitamin contents increased significantly in A. sativa extracts prepared with D. hansenii. However, the flavonoid contents decreased at different rates. It was also observed that quercetin and flavonoids were present in the extracts that contained D. hansenii. It was noted that A. sativa had changing rates of antioxidants and antimicrobial activities. Thus, it was concluded that A. sativa has an important place in a healthy lifestyle and oats have positive effect on the development of D. hansenii which is also accepted as a probiotic microorganism. This yeast developed in extracts obtained from this fibrous plant and affected the bioactive compounds at changing rates.

A new Puccinia on Thymelaea from Turkey.

The rust fungus Puccinia salihae sp. nov. is described from Thymelaea aucheri in East Anatolia, Turkey, producing aecia, uredinia, and telia. This is the first report of a rust disease infecting a species of Thymelaea.

Vitamin and fatty acid composition of P. eryngii var. eryngii

In this study, fatty acid and vitamin contents of P. eryngii var. eryngii grown on various agro-residue were determined. The distribution of oil acid in 100 g lipid extracted from samples were found to be 0.00-0.59 g C14:0, 0.00-1.68 g C15:0, 13.56-20.09 g C16:0, 0.00-4.98 g C16:1, 0.00-0.22 g C17:1, 1.35-5.41 g C18:0, 10.77-34.80 g C18:1, 33.06-70.39 g C18:2, 0.00-1.17 g C18:3, 0.00-0.53 g C20:0, 0.00-0.59 g C20:2, 0.00-0.25 g C20:1, 0.00-4.14 g C20:3, 0.00-0.51 g C20:5, 0.00-1.15 g C22:0, 0.00-0.30 g C22:1, 0.00-3.54 g C22:2, 0.00-0.33 g C22:4, 0.00-1.15 g C22:5, 0.00-3.93 g C22:6 and 0.00-2.07 g C24:0, of wet weight. The contents of vitamin were 0.014-0.064 A, 0.869-3.565 E, 55.980-473.405 C and 0.087-5.619 MDA mg/kg of wet weight. It has been determined that P. eryngii var. eryngii is rich from the point of view of unsaturated fatty acids such as linoleic acid, oleic acid and palmitic acid, and especially vitamins C, also antioxidants vitamins such as vitamin A, E and MDA.

Phytochemical Compounds and Biological Activities of Celtis tournefortii Fruits

Abstract It is known that Celtis species have been used in healing wound, epilepsy crisis, and stomach pain among the people. The antiradical (DPPH, OH, ABTS) activities, phytochemical compounds (total proanthocyanidin, total flavonoid, total phenolic, flavonoids, phenolic acids, sterols, lipid soluble vitamins, fatty acids), antimicrobial, antiproliferative (MCF-7, HCT-116, A2780, PC-3) activities of water, ethanol, methanol extracts of C. tournefortii fruits were evaluated in this study. All the C. tournefortii fruit water extracts were higher scavenged OH radical than standard antioxidant BHT. It was detected that C. tournefortii includes high amount of α-tocopherol (2.65 mg/kg), vitamin D (10.05 mg/kg), ergosterol (78.70 mg/kg), stigmasterol (185.90 mg/kg), unsaturated fatty acids (74.47%). C. tournefortii extracts showed antiproliferative activity on MCF-7, HCT-116, A2780, PC-3 cancer cell lines and antimicrobial activity on some microorganisms when compared to standard antibiotics. Also, this study is the first report about phytochemical contents, antiproliferative, antimicrobial, antiradical properties of C. tournefortii fruits.

Elazığ-Malatya çevresinde yetişen Terfezia ve Picoa trüf türlerinin mikorizal ilişkileri ile in situ ve ex situ koruma durumunun tespit edilmesi

Bu calismada; Elazig ve Malatya cevresinde yetisen yari kurak-kurak (col) truflerin mikorizal iliskileri ile koruma altina alinmasina (in situ ve ex situ) yonelik arastirmalarin yapilmasi amaclanmistir. Truf mantar turlerinin yetistigi alanlarda elde edilen Helianthemum bitkilerinin kok yapilari incelenerek, mantar hif yapilari tespit edilmistir. Ayrica, T. boudieri , T. claveryi , T. olbiensis , P. lefebvrei ve P. juniperi ornekleri etiketlenerek kurtulmus ve taze askokarp yapilarindan doku kulturu yontemiyle saf misel elde edilerek gen kaynaklari koruma altina alinmistir (ex situ koruma). Truf mantar turlerinin yetistigi alanlarin ‘’doga koruma alanlari’’ olarak ilan edilip, bu habitatlarin in situ koruma alanlari olarak belirlenmesi gerektigi tespit edilmistir.