Sevil Albayrak

Gamma radiation sensitivity of the eggs, larvae and pupae of Indian meal moth Plodia interpunctella (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

BACKGROUND This study focused on determining the minimal effective gamma radiation dose that prevents commodity damage caused by the Indian meal moth Plodia interpunctella (Hübner). The study was also designed to assess the effect of releasing either partially sterilized males alone or both partially sterilized males and females on the reproductive potential of P. interpunctella populations. RESULTS The dose of radiation required to prevent larval emergence from irradiated eggs was 350 Gy, and the same dose was also required to prevent adult emergence from mature larvae. A dose of 300 Gy was not able to prevent adult emergence from irradiated pupae. The dose at which 100% sterility was achieved in treated females mated to treated males was 300 Gy for the parental generation of irradiated pupae. Fertility of the parental males from irradiated pupae was 48.17% at 300 Gy in treated males crossed with untreated females, but male progeny of irradiated male parents had a residual fertility of 11.06% at the same dose. CONCLUSION F(1) males from irradiated pupae were more sterile than parental males. To prevent larval emergence from irradiated eggs, a dose of 350 Gy is required. The same dose is required to prevent the larvae from reaching the adult stage.

Effect of Gamma Irradiation on Total Phenolic Contents and Antioxidant Activities of Satureja Hortensis, Thymus Vulgaris, and Thymbra Spicata from Turkey

In this study, the effect of gamma irradiation on the total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of Satureja hortensis, Thymus vulgaris, and Thymbra spicata was evaluated. Plants irradiated in a 60Co irradiator to 0, 1.2, 3.0, and 5.1 kGy at 25°C. Control and irradiated samples were extracted with methanol. The antioxidant activity of methanol extracts was determined using phosphomolybdenum assay and the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging method. The total phenolic content in three spices was found to decrease with irradiation except at 5.1 kGy for S. hortensis. The DPPH radical scavenging activity of the extracts decreased after irradiation.

In vitro antimicrobial studies of new benzimidazolium salts and silver N-heterocyclic carbene complexes

Abstract A series of new benzimidazolium salts (1a–g) were synthesized from the reaction of 1-(4-vinylbenzyl)benzimidazole with various alkyl halides. These salts were used to synthesize silver N-heterocyclic carbene (Ag-NHC) complexes (2a–f). The thirteen compounds were characterized by FT-IR, NMR (1H and 13C) spectroscopic methods and an elemental analysis technique. These selected candidates were tested for their in vitro antimicrobial activities. Antibacterial and antifungal results indicated that the new salts, and particularly their silver complexes, were found to be strongly effective against seven Gram (−) bacterial strains, three Gram (+) bacterial strains and one yeast (Candida albicans).

Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of Senecio species growing in the Black Sea region, Turkey

Abstract Total phenolic contents, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of methanol extracts of six Senecio species growing in the Black Sea region of Turkey (S. pandurifolius, S. trapezuntinus, S. integrifolius subsp. aucheri, S. hypochionaeus var. argaeus, S. hypochionaeus var. ilkasiensis and S. orentii) are investigated. The total phenolic content is analysed using Folin- Ciocalteus reagent of the methanol extracts and varies from 19.54 to 81.78 mg GAE/g dry extract. The methanol extracts of the studied species possess antioxidant properties in the range of 70.07–165.21 mg AAE/g dry extract in phosphomolybde- num assay. S. hypochionaeus var. ilkasiensis extract shows maximum activity with an IC50 of 15.94 μg/ml in DPPH free radical scavenging assay. All of the Senecio methanol extracts show similar antimicrobial activities against microorganisms tested by agar diffusion methods. Klebsiella pneumoniae is the most sensitive microorganism to the all extracts examined while Escherichia coli and Candida albicans are the most resistant one.

In vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of Paronychia mughlaei Chaudhri

Abstract In the present study, the methanolic and water extracts of Paronychia mughlaei Chaudhri (Caryophyllaceae) were examined for their total phenolic content, potential antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. The total phenolic contents of the extracts were measured by Folin—Ciocalteu method. Antioxidant activity of both extracts were analysed using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and phosphomolybdenum assay. Both extracts showed antioxidant activity. A correlation between total phenolic content and antioxidant activity was observed. Antimicrobial activities of the both extracts were tested against fifteen microorganisms by agar well diffusion method, at 1, 2.5, 5 and 10% concentrations. The extracts were weakly active against microorganisms tested.

A comparative study on phenolic components and biological activity of some Senecio species in Turkey.

The phenolic components and biological activity of nine Senecio species growing in Turkey were investigated.

Essential Oil Compositions and Bioactivities of Thymus revolutus and Cyclotrichium origanifolium

Abstract Thymus revolutus Celak (Lamiaceae) is an endemic species in Turkey. Cyclotrichium origanifolium (Labill.) Manden & Scheng (Lamiaceae) has been widely used as a flavoring agent in soups and salads, and herbal tea in Turkey. The essential oil (EO) components, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the extracts and EOs of T. revolutus and C. origanifolium were examined. The EO compositions were analyzed by GC-MS. Total phenolic contents, flavanols, flavonols and antioxidant activities of the extracts were determined by spectrophotometer. Antimicrobial activity was investigated against 15 microorganisms by agar diffusion method. Carvacrol, thymol, p-cimene and borneol were predominantly found in T. revolutus EO. The C. origanifolium EO contained bicyclo[3.1.l]hepten-3-one, 2,6,6-trimethyl-,(l.α, 2.β, 5.α), pulegone and 2- cylohexen-1-ol, 1-methyl-4-(1-methylethyl),-cis as main constituents. The levels of total phenolic contents, flavanols, and flavonols of T. revolutus and C. origanifolium extracts were 38.68±2.5 and 78.57±0.6 mg gallic acid equivalent/g; 2250.06±328.0 and 610.84±13.3 mg catechin equivalent/100 g; and 1287.35±91.1 and 2712.36±20.9 mg rutin equivalent/100 g, respectively. Antioxidant activities of T. revolutus and C. origanifolium were 48.91±0.2 % and 74.86±0.3 % at 0.1 mg/mL concentration, respectively in the DPPH assay. C. origanifolium EO sat 2 % and 1 % concentrations showed antibacterial activity against tested Gram (+) bacteria but not Mycobacterium smegmatis. Both of the EOs had no inhibitory effects at 0.2 and 0.5 % concentrationson on the 15 tested microorganisms. Gram (+) bacteria found to be more sensitive to the EOs and extracts than Gram (-) bacteria in this study. The EOs and the extracts of T. revolutus and C. origanifolium could be used as natural products in many areas such as food, pharmaceutical, alternative medicine and natural therapy.

Aloe Genus Plants: From Farm to Food Applications and Phytopharmacotherapy

Aloe genus plants, distributed in Old World, are widely known and have been used for centuries as topical and oral therapeutic agents due to their health, beauty, medicinal, and skin care properties. Among the well-investigated Aloe species are A. arborescens, A. barbadensis, A. ferox, and A. vera. Today, they account among the most economically important medicinal plants and are commonly used in primary health treatment, where they play a pivotal role in the treatment of various types of diseases via the modulation of biochemical and molecular pathways, besides being a rich source of valuable phytochemicals. In the present review, we summarized the recent advances in botany, phytochemical composition, ethnobotanical uses, food preservation, and the preclinical and clinical efficacy of Aloe plants. These data will be helpful to provide future directions for the industrial and medicinal use of Aloe plants.

Synthesis of 4-benzoyl-1,5-diphenyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid derivatives and their antimicrobial activities

Abstract The reaction of 1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid chloride (1) with various hydrazine derivatives 2a–c yielded the corresponding N,N-disubstituted 4-benzoyl-1,5-diphenyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carbohydrazides 3a–c. These products underwent Friedel-Crafts acylations with arenes to afford compounds 4a–c. Treatment of 1 with aromatic diamines produced 1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamides 5a–c, which were allowed to react with phenylhydrazine to give hydrazone derivatives 6a–c. The structures of all new compounds were established by IR, 1H and 13C NMR data and elemental analyses. The new compounds were evaluated for antimicrobial activities against Gram (-), Gram (+) bacteria and two yeasts using the disc diffusion method. N,N-Dimethylhydrazide derivative 3a is the most active compound of the series.