Sevil Kurban

Effect of Chronic Regular Exercise on Serum Ischemia-Modified Albumin Levels and Oxidative Stress in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Objectives. Our aim was to determine the effect of chronic regular exercise on ischemia-modified albumin (IMA) levels and oxidative stress in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Design and methods. Sixty patients with type 2 DM were randomly divided into two groups as exercise (17 M, 13 F) and non-exercise (12 M, 18 F) groups, each consisting of 30 patients. The exercise group underwent a 3-month aerobic regular exercise consisting of moderate-intensity power walking. The non-exercise subjects remained sedentary throughout the study period. Serum total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), and IMA levels of the groups were determined at baseline and 3 months later. Results. There was no significant change in TOS and IMA levels of exercise group but TAS levels were significantly increased (p < 0.05). Also, postexercise systolic (p < 0.001) and diastolic (p < 0.05) blood pressures of the exercise group were significantly lower than the baseline values. In addition, there was no significant change in TAS and TOS levels of the non-exercise group; however, IMA levels were significantly increased (p < 0.01). Conclusion. We have shown, for the first time, that exercise prevents increase in IMA levels in type 2 DM which might have resulted from increased levels of TAS and reduces the risk of ischemia in these patients. These findings show that chronic exercise is beneficial in the prevention of oxidative stress in patients with type 2 DM as documented by decreased IMA levels.

Pre-operative Atorvastatin Therapy to Decrease the Systemic Inflammatory Response after Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting

The effect of pre-operative atorvastatin on systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), often seen after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) was evaluated in 40 patients undergoing elective CABG. Patients were divided into two groups: group I (pre-operative LDL cholesterol ≤ 100 mg/dl; n = 20) received 20 mg/day atorvastatin for at least 15 days pre-operatively; group II (pre-operative LDL cholesterol < 100 mg/dl; n = 20) did not receive antihyperlipidaemic agents. All patients underwent CABG with cardiopulmonary bypass. Blood samples were taken pre-operatively and 24 h post-operatively. There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of demographic, pre-operative or operative parameters. At 24 h post-operatively, median high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and mean interleukin-6 levels were significantly lower in group I compared with group II. There were no other significant differences in postoperative parameters between the two groups, except for duration of stay in the intensive care unit, which was shorter in group I patients. In conclusion, pre-operative atorvastatin treatment in patients undergoing elective CABG decreased inflammation parameters and could be effective in preventing SIRS.

Effects of acetylsalicylic acid on serum paraoxonase activity, Ox-LDL, coenzyme Q10 and other oxidative stress markers in healthy volunteers

OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to examine the effects of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) on oxidative stress in healthy volunteers. DESIGN AND METHODS 30 volunteers of which 17 received ASA as 100 mg/day (Group I) and 13 received ASA as 150 mg/day (Group II) for 2 months. Serum paraoxonase 1 (PON1), arylesterase, total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), oxidized LDL (Ox-LDL) and coenzyme Q(10) (CoQ(10)) levels were measured before and 1 and 2 months after treatment. RESULTS There was no significant differences between the measured parameters of the groups. However, TOS and Ox-LDL levels of group II were significantly reduced after 2 months of treatment (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Significantly inhibition of LDL oxidation and significantly reduction in TOS levels of group II after 2 months of ASA treatment shows that ASA treatment may contribute to the prevention of atherosclerosis, a beneficial effect which is dose and time dependent.

Oxidative stress markers in hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis patients, including coenzyme Q10 and ischemia-modified albumin

Objectives Oxidative stress results from an imbalance between the production of free radicals and antioxidant activity. There is wide agreement that patients undergoing regular dialysis treatment experience increased oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to investigate serum total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), ischemia-modified albumin (IMA), and coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) levels in hemodialysis (HD) and continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients, compared with controls. Methods This study was performed on 41 (21 men, 20 women) CAPD patients, 38 (20 men,18 women) HD patients, and 43 (23 men, 20 women) healthy control subjects. CoQ10 levels were standardized using blood lipids. Results Serum TAS levels and CoQ10/total cholesterol values of the HD and CAPD patients were significantly lower, whereas serum IMA and TOS levels were significantly higher, than those of controls. Furthermore, CoQ10/LDL, CoQ10/triglycerides, and CoQ10/total cholesterol + triglycerides values of the CAPD patients were significantly lower than those of controls. No differences were found between serum IMA, TAS, TOS, CoQ10 levels, and adjusted CoQ10 values of the CAPD and HD patients. Conclusions Our results suggest that oxidative stress is increased in HD and CAPD patients compared with controls, as proven by decreased TAS and adjusted CoQ10 levels and increased TOS and IMA levels. Therefore, an antioxidant supplementation to these patients may be suggested.

Total oxidant status, total antioxidant status, and paraoxonase and arylesterase activities during laparoscopic cholecystectomy

INTRODUCTION: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the gold standard for the treatment of gallstone disease; however, adverse hemodynamic changes induced by increased intraabdominal pressure due to pneumoperitoneum are known to occur. Herein, we investigated the effects of pneumoperitoneum on oxidative stress markers, including paraoxonase, arylesterase, total oxidant status, and total antioxidant status, during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients that underwent a laparoscopic cholecystectomy were classified as Group I, whereas patients that underwent surgical procedures for an abdominal wall hernia under general anesthesia were classified as Group II. Blood samples were obtained during the preoperative period, the perioperative period, and 24 hours after surgery (postoperative day 1). Leukocyte counts, neutrophil rates, paraoxonase activities, arylesterase activities, and total oxidant and antioxidant status levels were measured. RESULTS: The differences in leukocyte counts and neutrophil rates were not significant between the two groups. In Group I, no significant differences in the total oxidant and antioxidant status levels were identified; however, paraoxonase and arylesterase levels were lower on postoperative day 1. No significant changes were observed in the total oxidant status, total antioxidant status, and paraoxonase or arylesterase activities in Group II. The perioperative total antioxidant status and arylesterase level were higher in Group I in comparison to Group II. CONCLUSION: Paraoxonase and arylesterase levels are useful markers in the evaluation of oxidative stress caused by intraabdominal pressure due to pneumoperitoneum.

Atorvastatin pretreatment diminishes the levels of myocardial ischemia markers early after CABG operation: an observational study

BackgroundStatin pretreatment has been associated with a decrease in myocardial ischemia markers after various procedures and cardiovascular events. This study examined the potential beneficial effects of preoperative atorvastatin treatment among patients undergoing on-pump CABG operation.MethodsTwenty patients that had received atorvastatin treatment for at least 15 days prior to the operation and 20 patients who had not received any antihyperlipidemic agent prior to surgery were included in this study. CK-MB and troponin I levels were measured at baseline and 24 hours after the operation. Perioperative variables were also recorded.ResultsTwenty-four hours after the operation, troponin I and CK-MB levels were significantly lower in the atorvastatin group: for CK-MB levels, 12.9 ± 4.3 versus 18.7 ± 7.4 ng/ml, p = 0.004; for troponin I levels, 1.7 ± 0.3 versus 2.7 ± 0.7 ng/ml, p < 0.001. In addition, atorvastatin use was associated with a decrease in the duration of ICU stay.ConclusionsPreoperative atorvastatin treatment results in significant reductions in the levels of myocardial injury markers early after on-pump CABG operation, suggesting a reduction in perioperative ischemia in this group of patients. Further studies are needed to elucidate the mechanisms of these potential benefits of statin pretreatment.

The roles of BDNF, S100B, and oxidative stress in interferon-induced depression and the effect of antidepressant treatment in patients with chronic viral hepatitis: A prospective study

OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to research the relationship between interferon (IFN) induced depression and sociodemographic characteristics, neurotrophic factors and oxidative stress. METHODS Sixty four cases, 34 with Chronic Hepatitis B (CHB) and 30 with Chronic Hepatitis C (CHC), were included in the study. The patients were assessed with Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID-I), Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS) and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) at baseline on the 2nd and 6th weeks of treatment. S100 calcium binding protein B (S100B), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), total antioxidant status (TAS) and total oxidative stress (TOS) levels were measured at the same visits. RESULTS In total, 20 patients were diagnosed with major depression (MD) on the sixth week. A significant relationship was found between depression developed after IFN therapy and baseline HARS scores and the type of IFN-α. When the pretreatment levels of HDRS, HARS, S100B, BDNF, TAS, and TOS were compared to those after treatment on the 2nd week, there was a significant increase in HDRS and HARS levels and a significant decrease in the levels of S100B and BDNF. No significant change was determined for TAS and TOS levels. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that the pathogenesis of IFN induced depression may involve neurotrophic factors.

Correlation between vitamin A, E, coenzyme Q10 and degree of insulin resistance in obese and non-obese subjects

The aim of the present study was to investigate correlation between plasma vitamin A, vitamin E, serum coenzyme Q10 levels and degree of insulin resistance in obese and normal weight people. The study was performed on 98 (21 Male, 77 Female) obese people and 78 (20 Male, 58 Female) control subjects. Vitamin A, E and coenzyme Q10 levels were adjusted to the lipid levels. Adjusted vitamin A and E and coenzyme Q10 levels of the obese female group were significantly lower than those of the control female group. Adjusted vitamin A and coenzyme Q10 levels of the obese male group were significantly lower than those of the control male group. Insulin resistance level of the obese female and male groups were significantly higher than that of the control female and male groups. There were no significant correlations between serum coenzyme Q10, plasma vitamin A and E levels and insulin resistance in obese and control subjects. Our findings show that it is essential to use the lipid adjusted levels of lipid soluble nutrients in obesity. Also, we have found no association between insulin resistance and vitamin A, vitamin E and coenzyme Q10 levels in obese subjects.

Plasma fatty acid composition in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients: an increased omega-6/omega-3 ratio and deficiency of essential fatty acids.

Abstract Patients with end-stage renal disease, including those treated with peritoneal dialysis, have a high risk for death, particularly from cardiovascular causes. Plasma fatty acid (FA) composition is used as an indicator of disease risk, because its alteration has been related to metabolic disease and cardiovascular disease. For this purpose, we have measured plasma FA composition in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients and compared them with those of healthy subjects. This study was performed on 51 (21 M, 30 F) CAPD patients at least 6 months under dialysis, aged 20–75 years (mean 47.81 ± 11.8 years) and 45 (25 M, 20 F) healthy control subjects aged 20–60 years (mean 38.62 ± 12.9 years). Plasma 10-cis-pentadecanoic acid, 10-cis-heptadecanoic acid, heneicosanoic acid, tricosanoic acid, nervonic acid, saturated fatty acid, and monounsaturated FA levels and delta 9 desaturase activity were significantly higher whereas linoleic acid, linolenic acid, 11,14-eicosedienoic acid, arachidonic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, and omega-3 FA levels were significantly lower in the CAPD group than those in the healthy group. Our results show that there are FA abnormalities and especially a depletion in essential FA levels and a high level of omega-6/omega-3 ratio in CAPD patients, the underlying mechanism of which is not known and needs to be investigated. Therefore, we believe that essential FA supplementation should be encouraged for CAPD patients.

Serum ischemia-modified albumin levels at diagnosis and during treatment of late-onset neonatal sepsis

Abstract Sepsis is one of the most common infectious conditions in the neonatal period, and continues as a major source of morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study is to determine serum ischemia-modified albumin (IMA) levels in late-onset neonatal sepsis at the time of diagnosis and after therapy, and to show the meaningful on the follow-up. Also, it is aimed to compare serum IMA levels with serum C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT) levels and white blood cell count. The study was performed on 33 premature babies with sepsis and 21 healthy premature controls at 7–28 days of age. In the sepsis group, biochemical parameters and blood culture samples were obtained from the blood at the onset and on the fifth day of treatment for each patient. Serum IMA, CRP, PCT and white blood cell count were significantly higher in the sepsis group before treatment when compared with the control group. In addition, the levels of IMA were positively correlated with white blood cell count, CRP and PCT in the sepsis group before treatment. In conclusion, serum IMA levels may be useful in late-onset neonatal sepsis at the time of diagnosis and after therapy. As far as we know this is the first report about the assesment of illness diagnosis and after therapy using serum IMA levels, and further studies are needed to confirm our results in larger groups of patients.