Seyed Mehdi Ghamsari

Evaluation of wound healing of the teatwith and without low level laser therapy in dairy cattle by laser doppler flowmetry in comparison with histopathology, tensiometry and hydroxyproline analysis

Perforated teat wounds in eight lactating Holstein-Friesian cows were closed by four suture patterns with or without low level laser therapy (LLLT). Wound healing was evaluated by laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF), tensiometry and hydroxyproline analysis, and compared with histopathological examination. The three-layer pattern provided the best healing of the entire teat. Mucosal hyperplasia was observed in Gambee and continuous two-layer pattern while eversion of the skin, presence of suture tracts and a greater amount of granulation tissue were observed with the continuous and interrupted two-layer patterns. The epidermis in LLLT groups more closely resembled the normal epidermis, and collagen fibres were denser, thicker and better arranged in LLLT than in non-LLLT groups. LDF, tensiometry and hydroxyproline analysis correlated well with histopathological examination. The results suggest that LDF, a more rapid, less invasive and painless procedure, can replace tensile strength measurement or hydroxyproline analysis to assess the progress of teat wound healing.

Comparative evaluation of fatty infiltration of the liver in dairy cattle by using blood and serum analysis, ultrasonography, and digital analysis

Blood samples were collected from 158 Holstein-Friesian cows and analysed for aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl transferase and ornithine carabamoyltransferase activities and glucose, total bilirubin, triglyceride, cholesterol-ester and non-esterified fatty acids concentrations. Ultrasonography of the liver was performed, and hepatic ultrasonograms were evaluated subjectively or analysed digitally, and liver samples were examined histopathologically. The diagnostic rates for the different tests were compared. Of the 158 animals, 117 had a normal liver and 41 had fatty infiltration of the liver. For diagnosis of fatty infiltration, digital analysis had the highest sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and positive and negative predictive values, followed by ultrasonography.

HISTOPATHOLOGICAL EFFECT OF LOW-LEVEL LASER THERAPY ON SUTURED WOUNDS OF THE TEAT IN DAIRY CATTLE

Perforating wounds were made on the cranial surface of 32 teats in eight dairy cattle. The teats were distributed into eight groups with four kinds of suture patterns. The used suture patterns were Gambee in Groups A and E, continuous 2-layer (Cushing for submucosal layer, continuous horizontal mattress for intermediate layer and skin) in Groups B and F, separated 2-layer (simple continuous for mucosal layer, vertical mattress for intermediate layer and skin) in Groups C and G, and 3-layer (simple continuous for mucosal and intermediate layers, simple interrupted for skin) in Groups D and H. The wounds of Groups E, F, G and H were subjected to 3.64 J/cm2 dose of low-level laser, using a helium-neon system with an output of 8.5 mW, continuous wave at 632.8 nm. Histopathologically, healing was different between various suture patterns and between low level laser therapy (LLLT) and non-LLLT-groups. The results suggest that the 3-layer pattern was the best and LLLT could accelerate healing of perforating wounds of the teat in dairy cattle.

Determination of reference values for intraocular pressure and Schirmer tear test results in clinically normal domestic donkeys (Equus asinus)

This study was conducted to establish normal reference range for the Schirmer tear test (STT) and intraocular pressure (IOP) in clinically normal donkeys for use in clinical practice. Sixteen adult Ethiopian domestic donkeys were used in this study. Complete ophthalmic examinations were performed without chemical restraint. STT values were evaluated in both eyes of all donkeys using a commercial STT strip. IOP was measured in both eyes with a Tono-Pen Vet (Reichert. USA) without using regional nerve blocks. STT values for all eyes (n=32) were 22.1±6.9 mm/minute with a range of 13–35 mm/minute. Comparison of mean STT values between right (n=16) and left eyes (n=16) showed no differences (P=0.6). Mean ±sd IOP values by applanation tonometry were 17.8±3.7 mmHg (range 13.5–24.5 mmHg). Comparison of mean IOP values between right (n=16) and left eyes (n=16) showed no differences (P=0.7). This initial survey provides means and ranges for IOP and STT values in donkeys. These data will assist veterinary ophthalmologists in more accurate diagnosis and management of ophthalmic diseases in donkeys, including keratoconjunctivitis sicca and glaucoma

Iridociliary epithelial adenoma in a sheep

blood cells (WBCs)/litre (normal range 4 x 109 to 12 x 109 WBCs/litre), 8·925 x 109 neutrophils/litre (normal range 0·6 x 109 to 4 x 109 neutrophils/litre), 1·26 x 109 lymphocytes/litre (normal range 2 x 109 to 9 x 109 lymphocytes/litre) and 0·315 x 109 monocytes/litre (normal range 0 to 0·75 x 109 monocytes/litre). Enucleation of the eyeball was carried out by the transpalpebral approach, under retrobulbar block which was performed by injecting local anaesthetic through the eyelids, both dorsally and ventrally, and at the medial and lateral canthi. The globe was fixed in neutral buffered 10 per cent formalin. Grossly, the globe was deformed but normal in size. On incision, its internal structures had been replaced with a white solid mass measuring 3·5 x 2·5 cm. The growth had extended outward through the pupil. The mass was processed for paraffin embedding, and sectioned and stained with haematoxylin and eosin and periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) for histological examination. Histological findings included a proliferation of abnormal glandular tissue with a uniform population of well-differentiated epithelial cells which were organised in papillary, tubular and microcystic patterns (Fig 2). These cells were cuboid with round to ovoid nuclei and a moderate amount of cytoplasm resembling mature ciliary epithelium. The nuclei were Iridociliary epithelial adenoma in a sheep

Effects of carbomer 940 hydrogel on burn wounds: an in vitro and in vivo study

Abstract Purpose: This study was designed to investigate the applicability of carbomer 940 hydrogel on skin-burn wounds by focusing on its effects on the zone of stasis. Method: Fibroblast cells were used to assess the cytotoxicity of carbomer 940. Wound healing was monitored by laser Doppler flowmetry and histopathological analysis. Twenty adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups (N = 10 each). After shaving their dorsum, a ‘burn comb’ was contacted bilaterally on each side of the spine. Carbomer 940 hydrogel and TegaDerm were used as topical dressing, in the experimental group, while normal saline and TegaDerm were used as the control. The dressing was changed daily and the blood flow was measured until the animals were euthanized. The wound samples were collected at days 3 and 21 for histopathological studies. Cell viability study showed that the hydrogel was non-cytotoxic. Result: Our results revealed that skin blood perfusion in the zone of stasis was elevated at 24 hour post-burning, in the experimental group but not in the control group (p < .05) and this trend continued until the animals were euthanized. Histopathologically, there was statistically more epithelial tissue in the zone of stasis in the experimental group than in the control group, and the sebaceous glands and hair follicles remained viable in the group treated by hydrogel on day 3. There was significantly more collagen deposition and fibroplasia in the ischemic zones of the experimental group than in the control group at day 21. Conclusion: Our study has shown that carbomer 940 hydrogel is a nontoxic biomaterial, which improved tissue perfusion and decreased the area of necrotic tissue in burn wounds. Application of this biomaterial in treatment of burn injuries deserves further studies.

Effects of intravenous detomidine on Schirmer tear test results in clinically normal horses

Abstract This study was conducted to determine the effects of intravenous detomidine on Schirmer tear test (STT) results in clinically normal horses. Eighteen adult horses were randomly divided into two groups of nine horses each. The treatment group was sedated with intravenous detomidine alone (20 &mgr;g/kg), and the control group received only intravenous saline (0.2 mL/100 kg). Schirmer tear test was performed just before intravenous administration of detomidine or saline in treatment and control groups, respectively. Schirmer tear tests were repeated 5, 20, 60, and 120 minutes later. Horses enrolled in this study consisted of nine males and nine females. Breeds were Arabian and Hanoverian, ranging from 3 to 6 years in age. In the treatment group, the pretreatment and subsequent posttreatment mean ± standard deviation values were 17.0 ± 6.9 (0 minutes), 11.8 ± 2.9 (5 minutes), 12.1 ± 2.0 (20 minutes), 12.1 ± 3.1 (60 minutes), and 15.0 ± 2.8 (120 minutes) mm wetting/min. In this group of horses, a significant reduction was observed in STT values at 5, 20, and 60 minutes after treatment with detomidine hydrochloride in comparison to the pretreatment values (analysis of variance with post hoc testing; P5 = 0.004, P20 = 0.007, P60 = 0.006). There was no significant difference between baseline values and posttreatment values in the control saline group (P ≥ .08). We conclude that intravenous detomidine causes a significant reduction in STT values in clinically normal horses. In horses, practitioners should measure STT values before intravenous administration of detomidine to accurately assess the results. HighlightsWe report the effects of intravenous detomidine on Schirmer tear test results in clinically normal horses.This data will assist veterinary ophthalmologists for more accurate evaluation of Schirmer tear test results in horses sedated with intravenous detomidine.We conclude that intravenous detomidine causes a significant reduction in Schirmer tear test values in clinically normal horses.In horses, practitioners should measure Schirmer tear test values before intravenous administration of detomidine to accurately assess the results.