Shahid Raza Malik

Study of the Conversion of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) into Liquid Fuel

Due to energy crises and limited oil sources, we should switch over to alternate energy resources for meeting the future energy demands. Burning of MSW can produce energy and at the same time reducing the volume of waste by up to 70 %, which is an environmental benefit and the gases obtained from this can also be collected as they are combustible. An investigation was conducted on different technologies and processes that can be utilized to convert the municipal solid waste into useful energy (liquid fuel). The investigation includes the design of pyrolysis reactor and its future prospects in Pakistan. The process under present investigation comprises of pyrolysis reactor, condenser for condensable gas, gas holder (for noncondensable gas). The feedstock used in the pyrolysis reactor is the municipal solid waste (which includes kitchen waste, papers etc). The yield of the pyrolysis was Pyro oil, pyrogas and char. So municipal solid waste can use completely to produce valuable fuel products. Keywords— Renewable energy, Municipal Solid Waste (MSW), Garbage, Pyrolysis, Volume reduction, Pyrolytic oil, Char.

Simulation of Cross Flow Heat Exchanger for Multi Tubes Using FLUENT 6.3.26

In chemical engineering a lot of work is done to improve the results of the equipment to make its widespread applications be possible. Simulation is extensively used as the power of the computer is well known nowadays. Simulation is frequently used to study both real and virtual behavior. In this paper experimentation, simulation and development of mathematical models are performed. Practical experiments are made on a cross flow heat exchanger for a multi tube layout with staggered arrangement to study the rate of heat transfer. Simulation is carried out when experimental results are obtained. For designing and meshing of plate geometries GAMBIT 2.3.16 is used and then solution and analysis are accomplished on FLUENT 6.3.26. By comparing experimental and simulated results, it is found that both validate each other with minor differences. Empirical relationships have been also developed. Re and Nu relationships are developed mathematically and compared to the models found in literature concerned. The developed models are found in good agreement with theoretically available models. The future research in this regard can be done by using viscous fluids and an advanced version of the software like Cubit for designing and meshing the plate geometry. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.erem.65.3.4453