Shahrul Nizam Yaakob

A chaotic neural network-based encryption algorithm for MPEG-2 encoded video signal

In this paper, a cipher algorithm based on chaotic neural network CNN is used and integrated inside MPEG-2 video codec system to encrypt and decrypt the quantised coefficients and the motion vector data. This symmetric cipher algorithm was used to transform the plaintext into an unintelligible form under the control of the key. Chaos theory property and its effect on cipher algorithm have been investigated. Result shows that a minor-key modification of the receiver side will lead to unclear video scene with very low PSNR value of -18.363 dB. To reduce the required execution time for CNN cipher algorithm; a motion vector of video signal was selected for encryption and decryption instead of the quantised coefficients. Results indicate little execution time for motion vector encryption and decryption process of 5.498 and 5.381 seconds respectively, but the entropy value decreases to 7.645 as compared to the entropy value of the quantised coefficients encryption. The whole system model can control bit rate and video quality depending on the available bandwidth channel. It can be shown from results that by increasing video quality value the PSNR and the compressed bit rate values will increase also, but with penalty of compression ratio decreasing.

An analysis of interpolation methods for super resolution images

The image such as CT scan, x - ray image, CCTV videos and hand phones camera is kind of low resolution image producers. Digital camera captured the continuous scenes and transform into discrete presentation in term of space and intensity. In sampling process it may create aliasing and information lost at frequency below the Nyquist sampling rates. Therefore the image suffered with an ill-posed problem by aliasing and loss of frequency. The problem ill-pose problem could be solved by applying Super Resolution (SR) techniques. The SR process contains of image registration, interpolation and image reconstruction. However this paper is focus on an analysis the best performance offered by interpolation techniques. An analysis procedure requires interpolation kernel inspection into frequency domain plotting to determine the best kernel response in pass and stop band. Otherwise use Peak Signal to Noise Ratio as indicator the similarity simulated with original image. In this study found the cubic spline interpolation is provided the smoother function frequency response with less ripples in stop band and good pass response. Besides that, it shows a superiorly in lead the highest PSNR for all type image tests with several of upscale. The best response and less distortion effect generated by kernel is preferable candidate to produce an efficient image application with low maintenances.

Analysis of Geometric, Zernike and United Moment Invariants Techniques Based on Intra-class Evaluation

In this paper, three moment invariants techniques have been used to extract the shape properties of the image. There are geometric moment, zernike moment and united moment invariants. These moment invariants have been used to analyze the image due to its invariant features of an image based on scaling factor and rotation. A set of equations known as intra-class analysis has been applied to measure the similarity of feature vector that represent the same object. The results obtained in this study have been analyzed and compared in terms of intra-class analysis in order to find the best technique among the three different types of moments. Based on the results that have been obtained by using the similar image, it is found that the geometric and united moment invariants techniques are better with small values of total percentage mean absolute error (TPMAE) as compared to zernike moment invariants.

A hybrid chaos and neural network cipher encryption algorithm for compressed video signal transmission over wireless channel

In this paper, a hybrid framework of compressed and encrypted video signal transmission over wireless channel has been designed and implemented. Chaos theory property has been combined with artificial neural network to construct a cipher algorithm called a Chaotic Neural Network (CNN). This algorithm has been embedded and integrated inside MPEG-2 video codec standard to transform the plaintext (compressed video data) into an unintelligible form. The resultant compressed and encrypted bitstream has been transmitted from source to destination by using Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) modulation technique. The effect of wireless channel condition has been investigated for both AWGN and Rayleigh fading channel. A video signal sample of size 176 × 144 (QCIF standard format) with rate of 30 frame per second has been used for test and simulate the overall system model framework performance. MATLAB software package has been used for system model framework implementation. The proposed framework is flexible and has ability to control output video quality, bit rate, and group of picture (GOP) number and their arrangement. Subjective and objective measurements have been used for overall system model performance evaluation. Results indicate high sensitivity behavior for both key and plaintext modification with high entropy result value.

Triangular and tapered tip effects towards circular split ring EM field response

This research paper implements a 3D tetrahedral meshing frequency solver to simulate the electromagnetic effect of triangular tip (TrT) and tapered tip (TaT) added to a circular split gap. Behavior of circular rings placed inside a standard WR159 waveguide with preference to the conventional circular split ring was modelled. TrT and TaT structures optimization and validation was made using five well known algorithm namely PSO, GA, CMAES, IQN and CP. With TaT, the less electrical field sensitivity of the conventional circular split ring improved from 5.19e+04 V/m to 5.36e+04 V/m. While the magnetic field sensitivity value rises from 149 A/m to 218 A/m, a 3.27 % increase. At the same time retaining the resonant frequency well at 6.0 GHz even with TrT and TaT. The approach of this integration can be used to design numerous novel C-Band metamaterials, communication and future millimeter wave applications.

Comparison of conventional circular split ring and circular split ring with triangular tip edge to increase electrical field response

This paper investigates the effect of introducing a triangular-tip-edge (TTE) onto the split gap of a dual circular split ring and its effect towards the electric and magnetic field using interpolated quasi-newton finite integration optimization algorithm in comparison to the conventional dual circular split ring. The less electrical field sensitivity of the conventional dual circular split ring was amplified from 9.33e+04 V/m to 9.65e+05 V/m and magnetic field sensitivity from 177 A/m to 184 A/m while retaining the deep (below -10 dB) operating frequency well at targeted 6 GHz resonant.

A portable class Lecture Recording system for E-learning purpose

In a new educational concept, the Lecture Recording system is one of the devices that are widely used to provide educational material to students. Even so, the existing Lecture Recording systems are able to record only one video in real time. If the system is able to record multiple video, the video editing is done after recording time. In this paper, a new design for lecture recording system is introduced. It offers a simple equipment set up for lecture recording that will minimize lecturers burden. Furthermore, the system will edit the video in real time depend on user setting. This system is also small in size and portable. This lecture recording system allows students to re-experience the lecture session at anytime and anywhere by downloading it or viewing it through the portal. This lecture recording system is user friendly where it can be installed without any additional software. Therefore, it can be a great system for lecturers who are using laptops for their class presentation.