Shaiful Annuar Khalid

Environmental Corporate Social Responsibility (ECSR): Exploring its Influence on Customer Loyalty☆

Abstract ECSR is a concept where companies integrate environmental concerns in their business operations and the interaction with stakeholders, without compromising economic performance. Studies exploring this concept were limited within the area of corporate governance with organizational-level unit of analysis, while the impact of ECSR initiatives on consumer behaviour or other marketing constructs is lacking. This paper explores relevant ECSR dimensions and its potential impact on customers’ positive and enduring relationship with the organization. It is hoped this paper would generate interest concerning ECSR as a strategic marketing approach having long - term and positive bottom - line benefits.

The Relationship Between Human Resource Diversity Management Practices and Organizational Citizenship Behavior

The paper examines the role of human resource diversity management (HRDM) practices as predictors of organizational citizenship behavior (OCBI and OCBO). This study is quantitative and cross-sectional and the unit of analysis is individual. Survey questionnaires that contained measures of HRDM practices and OCB were distributed among full-time operational employees employed by identified star-rated hotel located in the north of Peninsular Malaysia. Multiple regression analyses were utilized to test the study hypotheses. The results of the study indicate that overall, HRDM practices were significant predictors of OCB. In this study, data collected was self-reported and cross-sectional in nature. Thus, same-source bias may be present. Next, the sample size was small and selected from a single organization. This affects the generalization of our findings. Future research project may be benefited from an exploration of a wider range of employees at different industries, national and cultural context. Significantly, these findings propose that policy makers and hotel practitioners should continue to place and develop greater emphasis on HRDM practices in order to enhance employees’ attitudes and citizenship behavior. The results benefited the organization to gain better understanding of the usefulness of HRDM programs in their organization.

Fuzzy Evaluation of Weapons System

This paper proposed to apply fuzzy sets and approximate reasonings to evaluate the weapons system. The objective of the study is to determine the ranking of the weapons system in a subjective environment. The proposed model based on fuzzy sets has initiated the idea of membership set score value evaluation of each criterion alternative. This enables the inclusion of requirements which are incomplete and imprecise. The approximate reasonings of the method allows the decision maker to make the best choice in accordance to human thinking and reasoning processes. The proposed model is based on fuzzy multi-criteria decision-making that consists of fuzzy rules. The use of fuzzy rules, which are extracted directly from input data in making evaluation, contributes to a better decision in selecting the best choice and is less dependent on the domain of expert. The dataset from previous research was used to validate the fuzzy evaluation model. Results from numerical examples are comparable to other fuzzy evaluation approaches. Copyright a 2005