Shailesh Kumar Gupta

Influence of stocking density on growth performance of vencobb broiler.

The objective of the study was to evaluate the influence of stocking density on growth performance of vencobb commercial broiler reared upto 46 days under deep litter system. The birds were fed adlib with commercial broiler feed. Deep litter rearing arrangements were prepared 2 days prior to the arrival of chicks. Vaccination, housing, feeding and watering was done as per standard. A total of 120, day old chicks were divided in three equal groups (I, II and III) with 40 birds in each group. The birds were reared under stocking densities of 16 birds/m 2 (group I), 12 birds/m 2 (group II) and 8 birds/m 2 (group III). Feed consumption was significantly (p<0.01) higher under stocking densities of 12 birds/m 2 and 8 birds/m 2 as compared to stocking density of 16 birds/m 2 . Average live weight and carcass weight were significantly (p<0.01) higher under stocking density of 12 birds/m 2 . There was no significant difference in the feed conversion ratio (FCR) among all three groups. Dressing percentage was better with low stocking density of 12 birds/m 2 (71.05±2.98) and 8 birds/m 2 (72.29±1.04) as compared to high stocking density (16 birds/m 2 ). In group I, feed consumption was positively correlated with live weight (r=0.87), FCR (r=0.67) and dressing percentage (r=0.90) and carcass weight (r=0.91). Live weight was positively correlated with FCR (r=0.79), dressing percentage (r=0.90) and carcass weight (r=0.86). FCR was positively correlated with dressing percentage (r=0.90) and carcass weight (r=0.84). Dressing percentage was positively correlated with carcass weight (r=0.92). In group II, feed consumption was positively correlated (p<0.01) with live weight (r=0.97), FCR (r=0.98) and dressing percentage (r=0.96) and carcass weight (r=0.91). Live weight was positively correlated with FCR (r=0.97), dressing percentage (r=0.90) and carcass weight (r=0.93). FCR was positively correlated with dressing percentage (r=0.90) and carcass weight (r=0.92). Dressing percentage was positively correlated with carcass weight (r=0.98). In group III, feed consumption was positively correlated (p<0.01) with live weight (r=0.82), FCR (r=0.79) and dressing percentage (r=0.92) and carcass weight (r=0.91). Live weight was positively correlated with FCR (r=0.81), dressing percentage (r=0.79) and carcass weight (r=0.81). FCR was positively correlated with dressing percentage (r=0.83) and carcass weight (r=0.81). Dressing percentage was positively correlated with carcass weight (r=0.89).

Animal husbandry: Livelihood security of small and marginal farmers in India

poverty alleviation in rural area. It also important for rural economy as supplementing family incomes and generating gainful employment particularly among the landless, labourers, small and marginal farmers and women’s. India supports approximately 18 per cent of the livestock population on 2.5 per cent of its geographical area (Forest survey of India, 2000). The livestock sector contribute national economy in terms of gross domestic product is 4.1 per cent (BAHS, 2014). As many as 75 million women are engaged in the livestock sector as against 15 million men. In India about 72 per cent of the rural population, 57 per cent of the householders keep livestock as important source of income. In rural area of country 73 per cent peoples have their own livestock (Chawla et al., 2002). Indian people get about 20 per cent of their total income from livestock (Vandana, 1996). Over the last two decades, livestock sector has grown at an annual rate of 5.6 per cent, which is higher than the growth of agricultural sector (3.3%). Delgado et al. (1999) reported

Effect of different levels ofAmla powder (Emblica officinalis) on the performance of broilers

Amla powder ( Emblica officinalis ) is an important source of vitamin C. This research was done at Sundaresen School of Animal Husbandry and Dairying, Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh. The aim of this study was to determine weekly body weight and weekly feed intake supplemented with vitamin C powder in following different levels. A total of 45 day old chicks (DOC) of same hatch were distributed into five groups i.e. T 0 (Control), treatments T 1 , T 2 , T 3 and T 4 with three sub groups comprising of three birds. T 0 (control) were fed with standard ration recommended by NRC. The birds of T 1 , T 2 , T 3 and T 4 were supplemented ration with supplemented with 25g, 50g, 75g and 100g Amla powder/kg feed. In conclusion concluded that there was a beneficial effect of Amla powder supplementation in the diet of broilers on body weight and feed intake of broilers. From economic point of view ration supplemented with vit c @ 100g/kg feed was found the best compared to all the treatments.

Effect of feeding fermented fish silage on the meat quality of broiler Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica)

The research work was carried out for a total period of 4 weeks to study the effect of dietary supplementation of fermented fish silage on the meat quality of broiler Japanese quails. 192, seven-day old broiler Japanese quail chicks of either sex were randomly distributed into four dietary treatment groups with four replicates in each group with 12 chicks in each pen. The dietary treatments were T 1 control diet, T 2 diet containing 5 per cent fermented fish silage, T 3 diet containing 10 per cent fermented fish silage and T 4 diet containing 15 per cent fermented fish silage. The chemical composition like moisture, crude protein (CP) and ether extract (EE) content of the broiler quail meat taken from the breast region of birds did not vary significantly among the dietary treatments; however, there was a significant difference (P<0.05) in the total ash content. The total ash content in the meat samples of the birds fed diet containing 15 per cent fermented fish silage (FFS) was significantly higher (1.94±0.06%) compared to all other dietary treatments. The inclusion of FFS had no adverse effect on meat composition (CP and EE). Further, FFS inclusion in the diet had a beneficial effect on meat ash content.

Carcass Characteristics of Male and Female Japanese Quails at 6 Weeks of Age

The objective of this study was to evaluate the carcass characteristics of male and female Japanese quails at 6 weeks of age. A total of 100 one-day old Japanese quail chicks were procured and placed in two separate pens each containing 50 chicks. Sex determination was carried out in day-old chicks by cloacal method. All the birds were provided with a balanced diet containing 2900 kcal of ME/kg of ration and 24 per cent CP with ad lib provision of water during the entire experimental period. At the end of the experiment, five birds from each group were sacrificed by cervical dislocation and different parameters like eviscerated yield, neck yield, wing yield, back yield, breast yield, giblet yield, thigh yield and drumstick yield were studied. A significantly higher (P<0.05) percentage of eviscerated yield, giblet yield and breast yield was observed in case of the female Japanese quails as compared to males; however, no significant difference was noticed in terms of neck yield, wings yield, back yield, thigh yield and drumsticks yield among both male and female Japanese quails.

Role and Importance of Light in Farm Animals and Birds

Photoperiod is the most common environmental factor monitored by animals to alter long-term physiological processes, particularly reproduction and production through its effect on physical activity, hormonal regulation, behaviour etc. Lighting of animal premises is essential elements of animal (Mitev, 2012). Solar radiation directly or indirectly exerts a profound effect on the behavior of animals. In the form of visible radiation (light), the photoperiod governs diurnal and seasonal activity patterns of the animal. Photoperiod is important for the improvement of production efficiency and profitability (Dahl, 2005).

Effect of Serum Leptin Concentration on Cognitive Ability of Male and Female Vanaraja Chickens

In males, the intelligent birds had significantly higher level of serum leptin than the dull birds (0.62 ±0.06 vs. 0.42b±0.08ng/ml). Similar trend was also visible in female birds (1.03±0.13 vs. 0.78b±0.12 ng/ml). Leptin acts to facilitate long-term potentiation in the hippocampus, a process important for memory processing, which was evident from the present study. Hence, this may be a reliable indicator of cognition. Females had a higher level of leptin concentration in serum than males, but that did not necessarily reflect their performance in terms of cognitive and conditioning abilities. This might be due to higher adiposity in females than males.

Effect of Level of Jersey Inheritance in Crossbred Cattle on Subsequent Milk Yield

This study was conducted to see the effect of level of Jersey inheritance in cross bred cattle on subsequent milk production. The data subsequent milk production of Jersey (J) and Red Sindhi (RS) cows maintained at dairy farm, Sundersan School of Animal Husbandry and Dairying, Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences Allahabad were recorded form the history sheets of the animals maintained during this period (1930-1962) for the basis of this study. Jersey Sindhi crosses were divided into 4 geneticgroups consisting of 17, 11, 51 and 24 animals in G 1 (1/2J × 1/2RS), G 2 (3/8 J X 5/8 RS), G 3 (1/4 J × 3/4RS), G 4 (1/8J × 7/8 RS). The effects of Jersey inheritance on subsequent milk production were recorded. Dry period has a non-significant effect on subsequent milk yield in all crosses except in 3/8J × 5/8 RS crosses a significant effect was observed on milk yield only. Therefore, due emphasis should be given to the crosses having exotic inheritance 62.5 per cent for selection and cross breeding.

The Effects of Different Treatments of Pre-Milking Manual Tactile Teat Stimulation on Day-to-Day Variation in Milk Yield, Milk Components, Main Milking Phase, Total Milking Time and Average Milk Flow Rate in Crossbred Cattle

The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of different treatments of udder stimulation on day to day variations in milk parameters in cross bred cows. In group T1, milk yield was positively (P<0.01) correlated with main milking phase, total milking time and average milk flow rate. Milking duration was significantly (P<0.01) correlated with total milking time and average milk flow rate. Total milking time was showed positive (P<0.01) correlation with average milk flow rate. Fat percentage had positive (P<0.05) correlation with SNF (r=0.46). Significantly (P<0.05) positive correlation was observed between total solids with lactose and ash content. SNF was significantly (P<0.05) correlated with acidity. Specific gravity was positively (r=0.59) correlated with total solids. In T2, milk yield was significantly (P<0.01) correlated with main milking phase, total milking time, average milk flow rate (r = 0.99) and negatively (P<0.05) correlated with fat percentage. Main milking phase had positive correlation with total milking time and average milk flow rate and negative correlation with fat percentage. Total milking time was significantly correlated with average milk flow rate. Average milk flow rate had negative correlation with fat percentage (r=-0.71). In T3, milk yield was significantly correlated with main milking phase, total milking time and average milk flow rate and negatively with fat percentage (r=-0.55). Total milking time and average milk flow rate were positively correlated with main milking phase and milking duration was negatively correlated with fat percentage (r=-0.54). Total milking time was positively correlated with average milk flow rate and negatively correlated with fat. Fat percentage was negatively correlated with average milk flow rate was with. Ash content and acidity were positively correlated with total solids.

Effect of different colours of light on performance of caged broilers

The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of the broiler chicken (body weight, feed intake and feed conversion ratio) at the fifth week of age. The broiler chicks were weighed, leg banded and distributed randomly into four groups as treatments, battery type iron cages, feeders, waters and other equipments were thoroughly cleaned disinfected, dried, sterilized by blow torch and finally fumigated by use of mixture of KMnO 4 (potassium permanganates) and formaldehyde before use. The chicks were fed ad libitum with standard starter ration containing CP: 22 per cent and ME:2900 k.cal./kg feed upto 3 weeks age and then after broiler finisher ration with CP: 19 per cent and ME: 3000 k.cal./ kg feed upto 5 weeks age. The broiler chicks of all groups were kept under similar management practices except lighting regimes as per treatment upto five (5) weeks age in battery type iron cages in laboratory. It is concluded colours of light did not show any significant effect on feed intake and feed conversion ratio (FCR) in broilers. The colour of light has a significant effect on the weight gain at the fifth week of age. The milky white and yellow colours of light are effective to obtain higher weekly body weight at five weeks age of caged broilers.