Shalini Chaturvedi

Review on Thermal Decomposition of Ammonium Nitrate

In this review data from the literature on thermal decomposition of ammonium nitrate (AN) and the effect of additives to their thermal decomposition are summarized. The effect of additives like oxides, cations, inorganic acids, organic compounds, phase-stablized CuO, etc., is discussed. The effect of an additive mainly occurs at the exothermic peak of pure AN in a temperature range of 200°C to 140°C.

Nano-metal oxide: potential catalyst on thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate

In this review, an attempt to collect the summarised data of literature on catalytic effect of nano-oxides, such as mono oxides, mixed oxide, binary and ternary ferrites and rare earth metal oxides on the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate (AP) is made. Influence of size effect of oxides on thermal decomposition of AP and comparison of bulk and nanosized oxides is also discussed here. Several experimental results revealed that due to small size and large surface area nanosized metal oxides are more potential catalysts on thermal decomposition of AP compared to their bulk size oxides.

Design process for nanomaterials

This article begins by discussing the concept of deign process of nanomaterials and their importance in this era. Several methods which are reported earlier are discussed here for the synthesis of different dimensions (0D, 1D, 2D, and 3D) of nanoparticles. Their application in future and how they are bifacial for the society is also discussed.

Nano-Alloys: Potential Catalyst for Thermal Decomposition of Ammonium Perchlorate

Transition metal nanoalloys of Co-Cu, Co-Fe, and Co-Zn were prepared by hydrazine reduction of metal chloride in ethylene glycol at 60°C and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The average particle size forCo-Cu, Co-Zn, and Co-Fe nanoparticles was measured to be 8.71, 27.42, and 39.31 nm, respectively, using X-ray diffraction pattern. The effect of bimetal nanoallys (BMNs) on the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate (AP) was investigated using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) studies. Activation energy of high-temperature decomposition (HTD) of with different alloy nanoparticles was calculated using DSC by the Kissinger equation. The activation energy was calcuated to be 69.52 kJ/mol for Co-Cu, which was lower than that of Co-Zn (124.45 kJ/mol) and Co-Fe (147.18 KJ/mol), indicating Co-Cu to be best catalyst.

Environmental Application of Photocatalysis

Recent interest and studies in environmental photo-chemistry, in natural photosynthesis, and chemical methods for solar energy transformations has contributed greatly to our knowledge and understanding of the various phenomena related to both photo-chemistry and catalysis. As an emerging nanotechnology come together with the chemical mechanisms of photo-catalysis, the photo-catalytic nanoparticle titanium dioxide offers a new meaning of remediation and degradation on volatile organic compounds in the aqueous and airs streams. In this chapter we discuss about application of photocatalysis in environment like biological contamination, air purification, water disinfection, hazardous waste remediation, water purification, self-clean buildings, deodorizing, anti-bacterial action, anti-fogging resolving cleaning action etc.

Transition metal oxide nanoparticles: Potential nano-modifier for rocket propellants

ABSTRACT TiO2, ZnO2, and CrO2 nanoparticles were prepared by novel quick precipitation method, where transition metal oxides were used as catalyst. All nanoparticles were characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The average particle size for TiO2, ZnO2, and CrO2 was 44.8, 13.4, and 77.6 nm, respectively. Catalytic properties of these nanomaterials were studied using ammonium perchlorate (AP)/hydroxy-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) propellant by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential thermal analysis (DTA). Both experimental results reveal that there is an increase in the thermal decomposition of propellants in the presence of transition metal oxide nanoparticles. Activation energy of high-temperature decomposition (HTD) of propellant with transition metal oxide nanoparticles was calculated by Kissinger equation. Burning rates of propellants were also calculated.

Nanoferrites: Catalyst for Thermal Decomposition of Ammonium Per Chlorate

Nanoferrite nanoparticles were synthesized by chemical coprecipitation method. The ferrite nanoparticles such as Zn, Mn, Ni, Co, and Cu were prepared. All nanoparticles were characterized by x-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The average particle of Zn, Mn, Co, Ni and Cu ferrite are 6.8, 2.7, 5.2, 1.1 and 3.9 nm respectively. The effect of ferrite nanoparticles on the thermal decomposition of ammonium per chlorate was studied using thermogravimetic analysis, differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) studies. Activation energy of high temperature decomposition of different alloy nanoparticles was calculated using DSC by Kissinger equation. The catalytic activity of nanoferrites is much sensitive to oxygen and may be effective to improve the thermal decomposition AP-based propellants.

Emerging Applications of Nanoscience

Nanotechnology is the art and science of manipulating matter at the nanoscale (down to 1/100,000 the width of a human hair) to create new and unique materials and products. Nanotechnology has enormous potential to change society. An estimated global research and development investment of nearly

Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production

9 billion per year is anticipated to lead to new medical treatments and tools; more efficient energy production, storage and transmission; better access to clean water; more effective pollution reduction and prevention; and stronger, lighter materials. And these are just a few of the more significant ways in which people are discussing using the technology. In this chapter we discussing about emerging application of nanoscience.

A review on nano-TiO2 sol–gel type syntheses and its applications

Hydrogen is the efficient storage of solar energy in chemical fuels. It is essential for the large-scale utilization of solar energy systems. The production of clean and renewable hydrogen via photocatalysis has received much attention due to the increasing global energy need. In the chapter we are mainly discussed about photocatalytic method for hydrogen production. All other reported method and mechanism of hydrogen production are also summarized here.