Shalli Rani

A Novel Scheme for an Energy Efficient Internet of Things Based on Wireless Sensor Networks.

One of the emerging networking standards that gap between the physical world and the cyber one is the Internet of Things. In the Internet of Things, smart objects communicate with each other, data are gathered and certain requests of users are satisfied by different queried data. The development of energy efficient schemes for the IoT is a challenging issue as the IoT becomes more complex due to its large scale the current techniques of wireless sensor networks cannot be applied directly to the IoT. To achieve the green networked IoT, this paper addresses energy efficiency issues by proposing a novel deployment scheme. This scheme, introduces: (1) a hierarchical network design; (2) a model for the energy efficient IoT; (3) a minimum energy consumption transmission algorithm to implement the optimal model. The simulation results show that the new scheme is more energy efficient and flexible than traditional WSN schemes and consequently it can be implemented for efficient communication in the IoT.

Energy efficient chain based cooperative routing protocol for WSN

Number of rounds versus number of dead nodes. This paper has presented the our new routing protocol with all results in QoS (Quality of service metrics) of WSN (Wireless Sensor Nodes) and it is compared with LEACH, SEP, genetic HCR and ERP routing protocols.This research is useful for densely deployed networks (Terrestrial, Environmental and Border surveillance applications).This paper presents the routing protocol in which data is transmitted thorough the CHs and CCOs for intra and inter cluster communication.Our research has optimized many parameters of sensor nodes as Energy, Time, Reliability, Throughput and scalability and results calculated in MATLAB validate our work. In this paper, we investigate the reduction in total transmission time and the energy consumption of wireless sensor networks using multi-hop data aggregation by forming coordination in hierarchical clustering. Novel algorithm handles wireless sensor network in numerous circumstances as in large extent and high density deployments. One of the major purposes is to collect information from inaccessible areas by using factorization of the area into subareas (clusters) and appointing cluster head in each of the subarea. Coordination and cooperation among the local nodes via relay nodes in local cluster (By forming sub clusters) helped to serve each and every node. Routing is based on the predefined path, proposed by new transmission algorithm. Transmission distance is minimized by using cluster coordinators for inter cluster communication and relay nodes within the cluster. We show by extended simulations that Chain Based Cluster Cooperative Protocol (CBCCP) performs very well in terms of energy and time. To prove it, we compare it with LEACH, SEP, genetic HCR and ERP and found that new protocol consumes six times less energy than LEACH, five times less energy than SEP, four time less energy than genetic HCR and three times less energy than ERP, which further validate our work.

Energy Efficient Direction-Based PDORP Routing Protocol for WSN

Energy consumption is one of the constraints in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). The routing protocols are the hot areas to address quality-of-service (QoS) related issues, viz., energy consumption, network lifetime, network scalability, and packet overhead. The key issue in WSN is that these networks suffer from the packet overhead, which is the root cause of more energy consumption and degrade the QoS in sensor networks. In WSN, there are several routing protocols, which are used to enhance the performance of the network. Out of those protocols, dynamic source routing (DSR) protocol is more suitable in terms of small energy density, but sometimes when the mode of a node changes from active to sleep, the efficiency decreases as the data packets need to wait at the initial point, where the packet has been sent and this increases the waiting time and end-to-end delay of the packets, which leads to increase in energy consumption. Our problem is to identify the dead nodes and to choose another suitable path so that the data transmission becomes smoother and less energy gets conserved. In order to resolve these issues, we propose directional transmission-based energy aware routing protocol named PDORP. The proposed protocol PDORP has the characteristics of both power efficient gathering sensor information system and DSR routing protocols. In addition, hybridization of genetic algorithm and bacterial foraging optimization is applied to proposed routing protocol to identify energy efficient optimal paths. The performance analysis, comparison through a hybridization approach of the proposed routing protocol, gives better result comprising less bit error rate, less delay, less energy consumption, and better throughput, which leads to better QoS and prolong the lifetime of the network. Moreover, the computation model is adopted to evaluate and compare the performance of the both routing protocols using soft computing techniques.

Energy efficient protocol for densely deployed homogeneous network

Quality of service metrics is one of the vital concerns in wireless sensor network, which is improved by hierarchical clustering algorithms. In this paper discussion of EEICCP (Energy Efficient Inter Cluster Co-ordination Protocol) which adopted a layered approach for the clusters and communication among the clusters through cluster heads and cluster coordinators is prepared. We investigate the impact of homogeneous densely deployed network with novel approach of layering of clusters with inter cluster coordination in terms of energy, time, reliability and complexity in wireless sensor networks that are hierarchically clustered. Assumptions are made about the nodes that they are randomly distributed and are static, they have same level of energy, the coordinates of the BS and the dimensions of the sensor field are known. Selection sort with divide and conquer strategy is used to carry out the previous work of EEICCP. This protocol is useful for the environmental and real time applications because of faster delivery, dense network and energy efficiency. Time and energy two essential parameters are enhanced and simulations in MATLAB have shown the validation of our work over LEACH and HCR.

Energy efficient chain based routing protocol for underwater wireless sensor networks

Abstract To explore the vast ocean, internet of underwater things has become the most attractive area of research. Underwater Smart things are deployed to facilitate the discovery of unexplored regions of ocean. Unique characteristics of underwater wireless sensor networks pose many constraints in transmission of data packets and energy efficient routing is one of them. Motivated by the significance of less costly energy efficient routing protocol, we propose energy efficient chain based routing protocol for underwater wireless sensor networks (E-CBCCP). While keeping in view the complex features of underwater dynamics, dynamic network topology and node mobility, energy of the cluster heads (CHs), relay nodes (RNs) and cluster coordinators (CCOs) has been considered during the transmission of data and role of the CHs, CCOs and RNs is changed after some time duration to maintain the load on the nodes. Distance based communication is based on the location aware nodes and can be used in monitoring domains during steady state but in dynamic state, location free communication is required therefore RN communication is based on hop to hop. Confidence level of the sensor nodes is computed to select the optimal RN and to improve the reliability. New prototype has shown the improvement over CARP a routing protocol in terms of data packets transmission and energy. Simulations in MATLAB validate our methodology which has decreased the communication cost of sensor nodes and hence prolonged the network lifetime.

A hybrid approach, Smart Street use case and future aspects for Internet of Things in smart cities

Abstract Internet of Things (IoT) has led to the development of smart projects by connecting heterogeneous devices and has accelerated the global growth by providing digital services to the users. The Smart City Project is very complex concept and has many hurdles in its way and many of the hurdles (Digitization services) can easily be solved by IoT. Urban IoT, is designed to support the future vision of smart cities which supported the new hybrid technologies and provide the value added services to the citizens. In this Urban IoT framework the first layer is Data Layer. In Data layer, sensor platform uses the optimized AODV-SPEED protocol (Hybrid Approach), proposed in this paper. Hybrid approach has shown improvement over delay, energy, miss ratio of the packet transmission and packet delivery rate over traditional SPEED protocol which is suitable for IoT applications. This article also identifies the framework, challenges and trends of Smart city IoT and use case for the smart street highlights the importance of proposed structure. Furthermore, Smart City projects are discussed to recognize the importance of IoT in smart cities and its future.

IoMT: A Reliable Cross Layer Protocol for Internet of Multimedia Things

The futuristic trend is toward the merging of cyber world with physical world leading to the development of Internet of Things (IoT) framework. Current research is focused on the scalar data-based IoT applications thus leaving the gap between services and benefits of IoT objects and multimedia objects. Multimedia IoT (IoMT) applications require new protocols to be developed to cope up with heterogeneity among the various communicating objects. In this paper, we have presented a cross-layer protocol for IoMT. In proposed methodology, we have considered the cross communication of physical, data link, and routing layers for multimedia applications. Response time should be less, and communication among the devices must be energy efficient in multimedia applications. IoMT has considered both the issues and the comparative simulations in MATLAB have shown that it outperforms over the traditional protocols and presents the optimized solution for IoMT.

Can Sensors Collect Big Data? An Energy-Efficient Big Data Gathering Algorithm for a WSN

Recently, incredible growth in communication technology has given rise to the hot topic, big data. Distributed wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are the key provider of big data and can generate a significant amount of data. Various technical challenges exist in gathering the real-time data. Energy-efficient routing algorithms can overcome these challenges. The signal transmission features have been obtained by analyzing the experiments. According to these experiments, an energy-efficient big data algorithm (big data efficient gathering, BDEG) for a WSN is proposed for real-time data collection. Clustering communication is established on the basis of a received signal strength indicator and residual energy of sensor nodes. Experimental simulations show that BDEG is stable in terms of the network lifetime and the data transmission time because of the load-balancing scheme. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme is verified through numerical results obtained in MATLAB.

A cross layer protocol for traffic management in Social Internet of Vehicles

Abstract One of the important members of Internet of Things (IoT); transportation vehicles are utilizing sudden advancements of communication technology. Now days, to make the Social IoT (SIoT) a reality there are many on-going world-wide research initiatives and standardization efforts. Internet of Vehicles (IoV) is an extension to the concept of SIoT that proposes Social Internet of Vehicles (SIoV). SIoV is an example of SIoT, where Smart vehicles are the objects of SIoT that builds social relationship and interchanges information to enhance the driving knowledge and gives various services to the drivers. In this paper, the proposed Vehicular Social Networks based on the VIoT consist of a large number of sensors that transmit data wirelessly. However, the very high heterogeneity in hardware capabilities of things and QoS requirements for different applications limits the performance of classical layered protocol solutions and the existing cross-layer solutions for wireless sensor networks. The results show that the proposed VSNP (Vehicular Social Network Protocol) for VIoT based on WSN solution can achieve a global communication optimum and outperforms existing layered solutions. The novel cross-layer module is a primary step towards providing efficient traffic management and reliable vehicle to vehicle communication in the SIoT. We have proposed an algorithm to control traffic congestion and road safety for VIoT.

Multi-hop Network Structure Routing Protocols

With other quality of service metrics, scalability and delay metrics are major design attributes for WSN routing protocols. A single level routing can increase the load on gateway nodes which can cause latency and reliability issues. But multilevel routing can overcome this by reducing communication distance among nodes. Distance can be calculated among the nodes via location based routing. But energy aware routing is are beneficial in WSN. With distance calculation, end –to- end delay attribute is considered as important attribute of WSN. This delay is considered in QoS metrics aware protocols. In this chapter, classification of multi hop network structure protocols is done in three categories (i) hierarchical routing protocols (ii) flat routing protocols and location based routing protocols. We have thrown light on the different parameters of comparative routing protocols with research insights.