Sharifalillah Nordin

Plant species identification by using Scale Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT) and Grid Based Colour Moment (GBCM)

Plant identification using plant leaves is a very challenging task. The most important and crucial phase in plant identification is the phase of feature extraction. This paper presents a method of shape feature extraction that is Scale Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT) and colour feature extraction Grid Based Colour Moment (GBCM) to identify plant. Forty plant species images were collected from their natural habitats and captured under various time of the day. These plant images are then used as ground truth images. These images are further rotated and scaled to produce another forty test images. The extracted features of the test images are then identified by calculating their Euclidean Distance (ED) against the ground truth and achieved identification accuracy rate of 87.5 percent. The proposed feature extraction methods showed potential in identifying plant images captured under natural illumination. However, further work need to be done to improve accuracy of plant identification.

Poor DNA gel electrophoresis image enhancement: Spatial vs. frequency domain filters

This paper presents the enhancement of poor electrophoresis gel image for lane and band detection. In plants, the DNA gel electrophoresis was performed for analytical purposes to identify the banding patterns of DNA base pair, which can reveal the genetic relatedness, identify the plants genomic and many more. Due to the quality and pattern of the images, the lane and band detection in the DNA gel images present a great challenge to computer interpretation. The image enhancement is performed using two different filters that are spatial and frequency filter. The two approaches are compared, which the expectation from the enhanced image is the detection of lanes can be conducted properly and accurately before performing further analysis to detect the bands. Forty-six of poor quality plant DNA gel images in .jpeg format with different size were used in this study. The quality of the enhanced images was accessed and evaluated using objective image quality metric, the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR). The results that were obtained show that spatial domain filtering is a promising approach in the enhancement process of the poor DNA gel images.

A new false peak elimination method for poor DNA gel images analysis

In this paper, we describe the convention of threshold value in the analysis of poor DNA gel electrophoresis to eliminate false peak contained in the intensity profile obtained from image data projection. Peak detection will be performed during the common task of DNA gel image analysis which is lane detection. In this study, the peaks of the profile represent the gaps between lanes. Due to the poor quality and inconsistent pattern of the images, the detection of true peaks become a challenge to automate the analysis of the DNA gel images. To resolve the problem, a set of threshold value was applied in the peak detection process to eliminate the false peaks. Fifty images with total of 2,164 lanes suffered from various noise and artefacts were used to evaluate the proposed false peak elimination scheme. Number of lanes in individual image varies, ranging from 36 to 50 lanes. The results showed that the sensitivity and precision was 99% and the latter was 93% with an accuracy of 96%.

Second order dual-path coupled line filter

An original filter topology based on dual-path parallel coupled-lines is presented. Two identical coupled-lines are combined in parallel to result in a wideband bandpass response. Two transmission zeros are also resulted thanks to the cancellation effect in the dual-path connection. It is also shown that the use of asymmetrical coupled lines helps in giving more flexibility in obtaining higher coupling for better in-band matching. The proposed concept is tested using microstrip technology on FR4 substrate. Simulation and measurement results are presented in this paper to show its feasibility.

Design of third order wideband bandpass filter using dual-path coupled lines

A novel topology of wideband bandpass filter is proposed. The filter is composed of two identical paths of coupled lines connected in parallel. The overall frequency response of the filter can be adjusted by varying the impedance value of the filter elements leading to possibilities to obtain the desired bandwidth of the passband. The proposed topology is used to design a wideband third order filter centered at 3 GHz using microstrip technology and the measurement results are shown to be coherent with those from the simulation.

Dual-path fourth-order microstrip coupled lines filter for wideband applications

A novel fourth order coupled lines filter topology is presented based on two parallel paths containing quarter-wavelength coupled lines. Three identical coupled lines are combined in series in each path to form a ring structure. This configuration leads to the compactness of a highly selective filter. The proposed filter is designed for wideband applications whose center is at 3 GHz with a fractional bandwidth around 41.9%. The filter is designed on a 1.6-mm-thick FR4 substrate with dielectric constant, εr = 4.1. Filter simulations are proposed throughout the paper to validate the idea.

Dual-band bandpass ring filter

A topology of a dual-band filter is presented based on a series-combination of two identical ring resonators. The circumference of each ring is equal to one wavelength taken at the center frequency between the two chosen operating frequencies. The control of the filter response in terms of bandwidth and separation between the operating frequencies can be done by varying the impedances of the filter elements which are the ring line impedance and the even- and odd-mode impedances of the coupled lines. The proposed concept is demonstrated through a design of a microstrip dual-band filter operating at 0.9 GHz and 1.8 GHz on epoxy substrate with ɛr = 5.4 and substrate thickness of 1.6-mm. Experimental results show good agreement with the theoretical analysis.

Exploring the essence of intelligence based on Pragmaticism's scientific method: The framework of intelligent processes

The quest for the essence of intelligence tailored around intelligent behaviors has been long exist in the history of human and artificial intelligence. The goal of such quest was to identify the behaviors capable of representing intelligence in human into artificial system. Based on claim that behavior is process and intelligent behaviors are intelligent processes, this paper proposes the framework of human intelligent processes derived and refined from abductive, deductive and inductive (ADI) reasoning modes of Peirceans scientific method as an alternative approach towards understanding intelligent behaviors and the essence of intelligence. As a result, this paper throws spotlight on the Pragmaticisms scientific method as an adequate model in representing the essence of intelligence demonstrable through intelligent systems.

Review on barriers and considerations of Clinical Decision Support System for medication prescribing

Providing decision support for the medical prescribing process remains a challenge and complicated task. The implementation of Clinical Decision Support System (CDSS) in clinical practice today is not fully integrated and achieved. There are major issues involved in developing and implementing CDSS that challenge and hinders the success of CDSS applications in clinical practice. This paper review and discover the barriers, challenges and considerations of existing CDSS applications that need to be addressed. This study hopes to yield some useful findings in both the literature and the practice of CDSS as well as the contribution to usage of CDSS in improving health care services.

Series-cascaded single-side-coupled ring resonators

A second- and a third-order filters are presented based on the single-side-coupled ring resonator topology. A simple way to obtain the second-order bandpass response is proposed by adding a quarter-wavelength coupled line immediately at the coupled-line side of the resonator, which forms a half-wavelength resonator, hence an extra pole. Using the similar idea, an extra pole is obtained from a half-wavelength resonator that is formed between two identical resonators cascaded in series. Both filters are designed, fabricated and measured to show the feasibility of the idea, on FR4 substrate using microstrip.