Shariff Ibrahim

Surfactant modified barley straw for removal of acid and reactive dyes from aqueous solution

A barley straw was modified by a surfactant, cetylpyridinium chloride, and used as an adsorbent for acid (acid blue 40) and reactive dye (reactive black 5) adsorption in aqueous solution. Characterization of the modified barley straw was performed using N(2) adsorption, titration, and FT-IR analysis. It was found that the surfactant modified barley straw exhibits higher adsorption to acid blue 40 than reactive black 5 and adsorption of the dyes is influenced by several parameters such as dye initial concentration, adsorbent dosage, solution pH, and adsorption temperature. Adsorption isotherms show that maximum adsorption of acid blue 40 and reactive black 5 is 1.02x10(-4) and 2.54x10(-5) mol/g, respectively. Desorption studies show that both dyes are strongly bounded with the adsorbent and exhibit low desorption.

Removal of emulsified food and mineral oils from wastewater using surfactant modified barley straw

Barley straw, an agricultural waste, was chemically modified and evaluated for the removal of emulsified oils from aqueous solution. The chemical modification was performed using NaOH and a cationic surfactant, hexadecylpyridinium chloride monohydrate (CPC). The surface textural and chemical properties of the surfactant modified barley straw (BMBS) were characterized by N(2) adsorption, FT-IR, SEM and water soluble mineral content. The adsorption tests were carried out in batch adsorption system for removal of standard mineral oil (SMO) and canola oil (CO) from water. For both emulsified oils in wastewater, adsorption was found to be strongly related with solution pH. The isotherm study indicated that emulsified oil adsorption on BMBS could be fitted well with the Langmuir model other than Freundlich model. The maximum adsorption capacity for CO and SMO at 25 degrees C determined from the Langmuir isotherm is 613.3 and 584.2 mg g(-1), respectively. Desorption tests in water solution show that oil is strongly bonded with adsorbent and desorption is only about 1-2% in 24 h.

Adsorption of anionic dyes in aqueous solution using chemically modified barley straw

An agricultural waste derived adsorbent was prepared by chemically modified barley straw with NaOH and a cationic surfactant hexadecylpyridinium chloride monohydrate (CPC). The prepared adsorbent, BMBS, was used for removal of anionic dyes; Acid Blue (AB40) and Reactive Blue 4 (RB4) from aqueous solution in a batch adsorption system. The adsorbent was characterized by FT-IR and elemental composition. The stability of CPC adsorbed on straw surface was also evaluated by exposing to aqueous solution. In adsorption tests, influence of operation parameters such as contact time, initial concentration and pH of solution on AB40 and RB4 uptake were investigated and discussed. The CPC was observed strongly attached to straw surface and removal percentage of AB40 and RB4 was increased with increasing in contact time. The adsorption of dyes on modified straw surface was favorable at high acidic condition and desorption was found relatively low upon exposing to the desorption agent (i.e water). Dynamic experiment revealed that the kinetic data fitted well to the pseudo-second-order model for both of the dyes. The isotherm study also indicated that RB4 and AB40 adsorption suited well with the Langmuir model, The maximum adsorption capacity determined from the Langmuir isotherm at 25 degrees C was 51.95 mg g(-1) and 31.5 for AB40 and RB4, respectively.

Kinetics and Isotherm Studies on Nd(III) Adsorption onto Xanthated Chitosan

Xanthated chitosan (XC) beads synthesized from the reaction between sulphur and hydroxyl groups were applied to adsorb rare earth metal ion, Nd (III). Adsorption of Nd (III) was found to be a function of pH of initial solution, adsorbent dosage and contact time. The optimum conditions for Nd (III) adsorption were at pH 3 and adsorbent dosage of 0.02 g. Rapid adsorption process was observed as it took only 10 min for reaching the equilibrium state. Chemisorption was identified as the rate limiting step and the kinetics data correlated well with the pseudo-second-order model.

Preparation and Application of Zinc Chloride-Modified Cocoa (Theobroma cacao) Pod Husk-Based Carbon for the Removal of Acid Dyes

Cocoa pod husk, an agricultural waste was chemically modified using Zinc Chloride (ZnCl2) and used as an adsorbent for removal of acid dyes; (i) Acid Violet 17 (AV17) and (ii) Acid Yellow 36 (AY36) from aqueous solution. The raw (CPHC) and chemically modified cocoa pod husk carbon (ZCPHC) were characterized by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX). The adsorption was performed on removing AV17 and AY36 from aqueous solution in batch adsorption system. The experimental data was simulated using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. The isotherm study revealed that the AV17 adsorption on ZCPHC matched well with the Langmuir model, whereas AY36 adsorption on ZCPHC fitted well with Freundlich model. The maximum adsorption capacity determined from the Langmuir isotherm was 11.02 mg/g and 11.37 mg/g for AV17 and AY36 respectively at room temperature.

Non-Linear Kinetic and Isotherm Modeling on the Adsorption of Lead (II) Ions from Aqueous Solution onto Monosodium Glutamate Functionalised Rubber Leaf Powder

In order to enhance its cationic sorption capacity, untreated rubber leaf powder (RLP) was functionalized using monosodium glutamate to produce potentially biodegradable cationic sorbent. The sorption behaviors of monosodium glutamate functionalised (MGRL) against Pb (II) in a batch system are investigated. The effects of various experimental parameters (e.g. initial pH, contact time) were investigated and the sorption kinetic was elucidated. The Pb (II) removal on MGRL increased as the initial pH increased. The effect of contact time revealed that the equilibrium is reached at 90 minutes. The Pb (II) sorption process on MGRL followed the pseudo-first-order rate kinetics. The Langmuir isotherm model with a maximum adsorption capacity of 109.953 mg/g was found suited to describe the adsorption process.