Sharjeel Abid

Modelling of fabric structure and shade for UV protection properties using full factorial design

Abstract Fabric use for garments and other outdoor activities should have good UV absorption properties for good UV protection. Different characteristics of fabric affect their UV protection properties. This research work focus to study and model the effect of shade and construction of cotton fabric on UV protection properties using full factorial design. To study and model the effect of fabric construction 26 plain weave fabric samples of varying input parameters, e.g. ends/inch, picks/inch, warp count, weft count are selected. While to study and model the effect of shade 36 fabric samples of different L, a, b values are selected. The UV protection properties of all these fabric samples are measured by spectrophotometer. Then model of selected variables is developed with this collected data by applying response surface regression. These models show the satisfactory result and now they can be used to UV protection properties of plain bleached and dyed cotton fabric.

Synthesis of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) nanospheres and deposition thereof into porous thin film

Polymeric nanostructures have gained importance in medical science as drug delivery carriers due to their biocompatibility and biodegradability. Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) is one of the natural biodegradable polymers used to deliver drugs in the form of nano/microcapsules. In this study, solvent evaporation method has been used for the synthesis of PHB nanospheres using poly(vinyl) alcohol (PVA) both as emulsifier and stabilizer. The produced PHB nanospheres were analyzed using dynamic light scattering and scanning electron microscopy. The size of nanospheres decreased whereas the zeta potential increased on increasing the concentration of emulsifier. The PHB nanospheres were then deposited into porous thin film on a glass surface and characterized against bulk PHB film by using atomic force microscopy, contact angle measurement and x-ray diffraction.

Response Surface Optimization in Discharge Printing of Denim Using Potassium Permanganate as Oxidative Agent

The present study was carried out to optimize discharge printing process for fashionable denim garments. Response surface methodology, involving a central composite design with three key factors, namely, potassium permanganate (KMnO4) concentration, pH of the printing paste, and reaction time, was successfully employed. The objective of this work was to develop a cost-effective, value-added process for denim fabric, where losses in tensile and tear strengths were to be minimized, while whiteness effect of discharge was to be maximized. The optimum conditions for discharge printing with potassium permanganate were found to be pH 6, KMnO4 concentration of 42 g/kg, and treatment time of 15 min. The validity of experimental values was found to be in good agreement with optimized combination of three variables.

Simultaneous Fixation of Wrinkle-Free Finish and Reactive Dye on Cotton Using Response Surface Methodology:

In printing and resin finishing of cotton fabrics, the curing step is involved twice, firstly for fixation of reactive dye and secondly for the fixation of resin for proper cross-linking. In developing country like Pakistan, where cotton is a major portion of textile exports, the elimination of one fixation stage is economical and advantageous. This study dealt with the simultaneous fixation of wrinkle-free finish (resin) and reactive dye printing for cost effectiveness. The processed route of treatment imparted a maximum dry crease recovery angle of 230° and color strength up to 89.89%. The produced fabrics were characterized using crocking fastness (dry and wet), color strength sum %, color fastness to laundry, crease recovery angle, and wrinkle recovery by appearance method. Response surface optimizer gave good composite desirability value (0.08300) with color strength % of up to 73.73 and dry crease recovery angle up to 218°.

Synthesis of Tungsten Oxide Nanorod, Its Application on Textile Material, and Study of Its Functional Properties

Nanomaterial and its application in textiles are emerging as vast and diverse field due to enhanced functionalized characteristics. This study emphasizes the fabrication of tungsten trioxide nanostructured rods and analyzes its electrostatic and ultraviolet resistance properties. These nanorods are synthesized by hydrothermal method. Through hydrothermal method rod like nanostructures were grown on polyester fabric as it withstands curing temperature easily. The growth mechanism of the film is investigated. Electrostatic analysis of treated polyester fabric was failed but the analysis of seeded solution revealed that it has tunable transmittance modulation under different voltages and repetitive cyclic between the clear and blue states. Ultraviolet resistance of 100% seeded polyester fabric was higher than untreated fabric with respect to increasing concentration of nanorods. Results show that although the seeded solution is perfect, the conductivity of tungsten trioxide cannot be achieved on textiles.

Physiochemical analysis of selected shale formations of Kohat region by advance characterization for oil potential evaluation

ABSTRACT The current scientific study summarized the physiochemical analysis of shale sample by advance characterization such as Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy to evaluate the energy potential of shale rock pertinent in Kohat region of Pakistan. The samples were collected during the drilling of mines from 1,670 to 4,500 m depth. A total of 21 samples were collected, among which 14 samples were taken from Patala Formation, 4 were from Panoba formation, and 3 were from Kuldana Formation. The proximate analysis was conducted to determine the gross calorific value, moisture, and volatile matters. SEM confirmed the porous surface of shale samples. XRD analysis revealed the presence of quartz, calcite, and plagioclase in the collected shale samples. FTIR tests were conducted to identify functional groups inside the shale samples. It was observed that Panoba Formation has a considerable amount of hydrocarboneous matters with an average value of 6.25%. Patala Formation got lower hydrocarboneous matters than Panoba with an average value of 5.22%, whereas Kuldana Formation contains a hydrocarboneous average value of 3.51%. Abbreviations: FTIR: Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy; XRD: X-ray diffraction; SEM: Scanning electron microscope; EDX: Energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy; VOC: Volatile organic compound; ASTM: American Society for Testing and Materials.