Sharma D

Diarrhea training and treatment unit: Experience from a teaching hospital

Case management of children with diarrhea has been evaluated after the establishment of a Diarrhea Training and Treatment Unit (DTU) in Kalawati Saran Childrens Hospital, New Delhi. Our one year experience has shown a decrease in hospital admissions on account of diarrhea by 13%. With the help of proper treatment protocol, 69.5% of total cases have been managed with home available fluids/ORS after educating the mothers on home management of diarrhea. Majority of admitted cases (80.7%) were managed in the ORT area and rehydrated under proper monitoring and supervision between 3–8 hours (mean duration of stay 4.28±1.8 hours). Out of 1951 cases with dehydration, 1585 patients (81.2%) were rehydrated with ORS and only 366 cases (18.8%) received intravenous fluids. In more than 85% of cases with associated vomiting, successful oral rehydration was achieved with ORS. Use of ORS and early feeding even in those patients who initially received intravenous fluids for rehydration significantly reduced the average duration of stay in the diarrhea ward (P=<0.001). During the first year of its inception the average cost of rehydrating one patient of diarrhea in the DTU came down to Rs. 18.54 from Rs. 31.69 in the preceding year. Rationalising drug therapy in the case management helped to significantly reduce the consumption of antibiotics (P=<0.001) and antiemetics (P=<0.001), which has helped to reduce the expenditure on drugs on an average from Rs. 17.60 to Rs. 4.92 per patient.

ESTABLISHMENT OF TRACEABILITY OF REFERENCE GRADE HYDROMETERS AT NATIONAL PHYSICAL LABORATORY, INDIA (NPLI)

The present paper discusses the establishment of traceability of reference grade hydrometers at National Physical Laboratory, India (NPLI). The reference grade hydrometers are calibrated and traceable to the primary solid density standard. The calibration has been done according to standard procedure based on Cuckows Method and the reference grade hydrometers calibrated covers a wide range. The uncertainty of the reference grade hydrometers has been computed and corrections are also calculated for the scale readings, at which observations are taken.