Shashank S. Ghantoji

Economic healthcare costs of Clostridium difficile infection: a systematic review.

Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is the leading cause of infectious diarrhoea in hospitalised patients. CDI increases patient healthcare costs due to extended hospitalisation, re-hospitalisation, laboratory tests and medications. However, the economic costs of CDI on healthcare systems remain uncertain. The purpose of this study was to perform a systematic review to summarise available studies aimed at defining the economic healthcare costs of CDI. We conducted a literature search for peer-reviewed studies that investigated costs associated with CDI (1980 to present). Thirteen studies met inclusion and exclusion criteria. CDI costs in 2008 US dollars were calculated using the consumer price index. The total and incremental costs for primary and recurrent CDI were estimated. Of the 13, 10 were from the USA and one each from Canada, UK, and Ireland. In US-based studies incremental cost estimates ranged from

A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study to assess the ability of rifaximin to prevent recurrent diarrhoea in patients with Clostridium difficile infection

2,871 to

Impact of aerosolized ribavirin on mortality in 280 allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients with respiratory syncytial virus infections

4,846 per case for primary CDI and from

The characteristics and outcomes of parainfluenza virus infections in 200 patients with leukemia or recipients of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

13,655 to

A Common Polymorphism in the Interleukin-8 Gene Promoter Is Associated with an Increased Risk for Recurrent Clostridium difficile Infection

18,067 per case for recurrent CDI. US-based studies in special populations (subjects with irritable bowel disease, surgical inpatients, and patients treated in the intensive care unit) showed an incremental cost range from

Immunodeficiency scoring index to predict poor outcomes in hematopoietic cell transplant recipients with RSV infections

6,242 to

The role of the healthcare environment in the spread of multidrug-resistant organisms: Update on current best practices for containment

90,664. Non-US-based studies showed an estimated incremental cost of

High Horn's index score predicts poor outcomes in patients with Clostridium difficile infection.

5,243 to

Infection With Novel Respiratory Syncytial Virus Genotype Ontario (ON1) in Adult Hematopoietic Cell Transplant Recipients, Texas, 2011–2013

8,570 per case for primary CDI and

The role of the gastrointestinal microbiome in infectious complications during induction chemotherapy for acute myeloid leukemia

13,655 per case for recurrent CDI. Economic healthcare costs of CDI were high for primary and recurrent cases. The high cost associated with CDI justifies the use of additional resources for CDI prevention and control.