Sheenam Thatai

Plasmonic detection of Cd2+ ions using surface-enhanced Raman scattering active core–shell nanocomposite

The present study was structured to address development of an efficient devise for sensing of toxic Cd(2+) ions at trace level in aqueous media. In order to achieve this objective, the speckled core-shell nanocomposites (NCs) of silica-gold (SiO2@Au) using ~30 nm diameter of spherical gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) with 420 nm diameter of silica cores was synthesized. Au NPs showed the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peak at 522 nm and spherical core-shell particles at 541 nm. Both Au NPs and SiO2@Au solutions were found to be sensitive to Cd(2+) ions in aqueous sample. The colour change occurred in presence of SiO2@Au at 0.1 ppm (100 ppb) of Cd(2+) ions whereas 2 ppm (2000 ppb) concentration of Cd(2+) ions was necessary for the colour change in Au NPs solution confirmed that SERS active SiO2@Au core-shell NCs 20 times more sensitive compared to Au NPs. The technique using SiO2@Au NCs is quantitative between 100 and 2000 ppb (0.1 to 2 ppm) while effective but non-quantitative above upto 10 ppm, the maximum concentration studied in present investigation. The detection limit using SiO2@Au NCs is 100 ppb (0.1 ppm) while Au NPs is able to detect Cd(2+) as low as 2000 ppb (2 ppm). The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of Au NPs and SiO2@Au particles showed aggregation of Au NPs and SiO2@Au NCs in the presence of Cd(2+) ions. The surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) was used to compare sensitivities of Au NPs and SiO2@Au towards Cd(2+) ions and confirmed that SiO2@Au core-shell NCs is 20 times more sensitive than Au NPs.

Highly selective visual monitoring of hazardous fluoride ion in aqueous media using thiobarbituric-capped gold nanoparticles.

The rapid, selective and sensitive measurement and monitoring of hazardous materials as analytes are the central themes in the development of any successful analytical technique. With this aim, we have synthesized the thiobarbituric-capped gold nanoparticles (TBA-capped Au NPs) involving chemical reduction of HAuCl4 using 2-thiobarbituric acid (TBA) as a reducing and capping agent. The morphology of the TBA-capped Au NPs was confirmed using transmission electron microscope images. For the first time this article reports that the developed TAB-capped Au NPs displays selective, ultrafast and sensitive colorimetric detection of fluoride ion in aqueous samples. The detection of fluoride ion was confirmed by the disappearance of the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) band at 554 nm using UV-vis spectroscopy. The interaction of F(-) with TBA-capped Au NPs in aqueous solution has also been confirmed by Raman and FTIR spectroscopy. One of the most exciting accomplishments is the visual detection limit for fluoride ion has been found to be 10 mM at commonly acceptable water pH range 7-8. The whole detection procedure takes not more than 40s with excellent selectivity providing sample throughput of more than 60 per hour.

Plasmonic nanoparticles and their analytical applications: A review

ABSTRACT Plasmonic nanoparticles (NPs) have been reviewed herein for their fascinating optical properties in a wide spectral range and for their various applications. The surface plasmon resonance (SPR) bands of metal NPs can be tuned from visible to near infrared region by varying the shape of the metal NPs. As a result, the tuning of the SPR band over a spectral range is possible by making plasmonic NPs of different shapes. This review emphasizes fundamental studies of plasmonic NPs and nanocomposites with well-defined and controlled shapes that have several analytical applications such as molecular detection and determination in different fields. This review describes how oxidative etching and kinetic control can be utilized to manipulate the shape and optical properties of NPs. This review also describes the specific examples of the sensing applications of the localized surface plasmon resonance studies in which the researchers use both wavelength shift and surface-enhanced Raman scattering sensing to detect the molecules of chemical and biological relevance. The review ends with a perspective of the field, identifying the main challenges to be overcome and suggesting areas where the most promising developments are likely to happen in future.

Water Quality Standards, Its Pollution and Treatment Methods

Water is not only the most essential source of our day-to-day life, but the development of this natural resource also plays a crucial role in economic and social development processes. Waste disposal has become a worldwide problem for increased environmental awareness, for more rigorous environmental standards and dewatering challenges. Therefore, water quality management is a great work controlled by monitoring of discharge and various effluents. World health organization has issued guidelines for drinking water quality, its contaminants and how to handle water supplies in small rural communities. Qualitative and quantitative measurements are needed from time to time to constantly monitor the quality of water from the various sources of supply. This chapter highlights different water quality assessments, several sources of water pollutions and the methods used for treating water for various purposes such as for drinking, industrial water supply, irrigation, water recreation or many other uses.