Sheila Giardini Murta

Avaliação de intervenção em estresse ocupacional

The purpose of this study was to identify sources of satisfaction and dissatisfaction toward an occupational stress management program, which was based on a cognitive-behavioural model. Two hundred and ten hospital workers attended 24 sessions targeted to development of individual strategies of coping to stress, through group dynamics, role playing, relaxation, cognitive restructuring, problems solution and self monitoring. The participants verbal report were registered in the end of each session and submitted to content analysis. The main sources of satisfaction were toward techniques and instruments used, themes discussed, social support, learning of social skills, pleasant feelings, and development of problem solution skills. The main source of dissatisfaction was related to the short duration of the sessions. The qualitative analysis of the program revealed a therapeutic process potentially favourable to positive impact on health, which could be verified in future studies.

Aplicações do treinamento em habilidades sociais: análise da produção nacional

Habilidades sociais sao reconhecidas como fator de protecao no curso do desenvolvimento humano. Por consequencia, programas para o desenvolvimento de habilidades sociais tem sido desenvolvidos para promover saude mental. Este artigo descreve programas de treinamento em habilidades sociais com amostras brasileiras para prevencao primaria, secundaria e terciaria. Foram enfocados os participantes, delineamento, instrumentos de avaliacao, tecnicas de intervencao e resultados. A consulta a periodicos, base de dados LILACS e livros produzidos por grupos de pesquisa identificou 17 programas de intervencao. A literatura evidenciou o predominio de programas em grupo, nos contextos clinico e escolar, com delineamentos pre-experimentais e uso de tecnicas cognitivo-comportamentais. Os resultados encontrados foram promissores rumo a melhorias no desempenho social. Sao apresentadas sugestoes para o planejamento de futuras intervencoes.

Enfrentamento à lesão medular traumática

This paper presents a discussion on coping with traumatic spinal cord injury according to the contemporary literature, which points to four groups of influent variables on coping with spinal cord injury: (a) variables inherent to the disability, such as injury severity; (b) variables inherent to the organism itself, such as education and internal locus of control; (c) proximal environment, such as available health services and job access; and (d) cultural context, such as present law and social prejudice. The literature suggests that well succeeded adaptation to traumatic spinal cord injury is more related to the environmental resources and psychosocial variables than to the injury characteristics. The variables affecting the coping process and the success adapting to the lesion allow one to suggest priority focus for rehabilitation.

Programas de prevenção a problemas emocionais e comportamentais em crianças e adolescentes: lições de três décadas de pesquisa

This paper presents some directives for implementing and evaluating emotional and behavioral problem programs for children and adolescents, aiming at the transformation of research technology into community services. The following are discussed: the conceptual framework of preventive interventions in mental healthcare, the theoretical bases of preventive programs, the assessment of needs and community participation during the planning and implementation of the program, the replication of preventive programs that were empirically supported, and the assessment of the process and long-term results of these programs. As a conclusion, a research agenda for the advancement of this field in Brazil is provided.

Treinamento de habilidades sociais para adolescentes: uma experiência no programa de atenção integral à família (PAIF)

This paper presents a process evaluation of a social skills program for adolescents from the Comprehensive Attention to the Family Program. The intervention consisted of 11 psychoeducational group sessions, with cognitive behavioral techniques. The results revealed satisfaction toward the intervention, mainly about the freedom to self-expression and the positive effects of the intervention. The most frequent adherence indicators to the group were to report problems, to report feelings, to explain the causes of their own behavior and to offer support to their colleagues. The data indicate that the intervention had a successful process, which results and impact may be verified in future studies.

Stress ocupacional em bombeiros: efeitos de intervenção baseada em avaliação de necessidades

This study describes effects of an occupational stress intervention based on needs assessment in seven firefighters. Group interviews were conducted to identify occupational stressors, coping strategies and stress symptoms. Based on evidences that the targetgroup presented a restrict coping repertoire and many stress symptoms, it was implemented a 12-sessions intervention, consisted by information, relaxation, assertive training, problem solution skills, time management and cognitive restructuring. Pre and post-test measures were obtained for immunity, blood pressure, and verbal responses of stress, general health and coping. The comparison of pre and post-measures showed stress and somatic symptoms decrease; and self-efficacy and diastolic blood pressure increase. Organizational or combined interventions were recommended.

Preparação para a aposentadoria: implantação e avaliação do programa viva mais

O objetivo deste artigo e descrever o processo de implementacao e avaliacao do Viva Mais! - o programa de preparacao para aposentadoria (PPA) de uma Universidade publica brasileira. Para tal, utilizou-se um modelo logico baseado em insumos, produtos, resultados, pressupostos e fatores externos. Treze participantes inscritos foram divididos em dois grupos que receberam 24 horas de intervencao informativa e vivencial durante oito semanas. Os temas basearam-se nos preditores do envelhecimento bem-sucedido. Utilizou-se a analise de conteudo para interpretar as respostas dos participantes nas entrevistas de avaliacao de resultados. Os dados demonstraram que o principal objetivo do programa - promover o bem-estar, a saude e a qualidade de vida dos trabalhadores da Universidade - foi alcancado.

Manejo de estresse ocupacional na perspectiva da área de avaliação de programas

Occupational stress management from the perspective of the area of program evaluation. The aim of this article is to present procedures to implement and evaluate individual focused occupational stress management interventions, based on literature of the area of occupational health psychology and program evaluation. Intervention, implementation and evaluation planning are discussed, based on the social science research cycle, which stages include needs evaluation, search of theoretical basis, definition of goals, variables, instruments, design, participants, procedures, program implementation and data collection, analysis and results interpretation, publishing results and formulation of new questions. Future perspectives for program evaluation and possible gains resulted from the alliance between this area and occupational stress management interventions are discussed.

Prevenção à violência no namoro e promoção de habilidades de vida em adolescentes

This study assessed the effects of a preventive intervention on intention of coping with dating violence and sexist and homophobic beliefs among adolescents. 60 adolescents were allocated not randomly in two experimental conditions: CI (N = 27) and CC (N = 33). While the CC did not receive any intervention, the CI received a seven-group-sessions intervention focused on gender, rights and life skills. The results, analyzed by incomplete sentences applied before and after the program, pointed to a greater reduction in sexist and homophobic beliefs among the CI participants in comparison to those from CC. The results on intentions of coping with dating violence were similar between the experimental conditions, with increased negotiation and decreased resignation and violence. The practice of interpersonal skills during and after the program, at five-months follow-up was reported. We discuss the contributions and limitations of this study.

Prevenção primária em saúde na adolescência: avaliação de um programa de habilidades de vida

This paper describes the process and results reached in a life skills program for 18 adolescents, from a non-clinical sample, with 12 to 14 years-old. Sixteen group sessions were done, based on a psycho-educational approach and group techniques. The process evaluation included diary measures of consumer satisfaction, practice of skills trained in the course of the intervention and support provided by the group. The process evaluation demonstrated that the participants felt satisfied with the program; practiced social skills, cognitive skills and stress management skills learned during the intervention; and demonstrated a sense of confidence in the group intervention. Follow-up interviews one year after the intervention conducted with the adolescents and their parents shown that the behavioral changes were maintained. The results suggest positive results from the intervention, but experimental studies will be necessary for robust conclusions on the effectiveness of this program.