Shengbo Chen

An Approach to Generating Test Cases for Testing Component-based Web Applications

Borrowing the thoughts of component interaction, the concept of Logic Component (LC) is proposed, and a Web application is divided into LCs which is mapped into the actual physical components finally. This paper supposes that each component and LC is a black box which has been well tested. So Web applications can be regarded as a set of interactive components. It mainly concentrates on testing the interactions of components. An automaton is used to model each component, and compositions of automata are used to model the component interaction. For each component-test- sequence, a new automaton can be got by using composition of automata. Abstract test cases can be generated from the new automaton. By means of mapping the actions to the actual operations and adding the data of test space to them, the component test cases are generated.

Modeling Web Browser Interactions and Generating Tests

Web applications can only be accessed through dedicated client systems called Web browsers. The behaviors of Web browser interactions influence the security, functionalities and navigation of Web applications. Modeling and testing Web applications should take them into account. In this paper, special care on Web browser interactions is paid and an approach to modeling on-the-fly navigation models and test generation with Web browser interactions and PDR is proposed. The extended FSM (OFNM/FSM) is employed to formalize the on-the-fly navigation models and a FSM-TT (FSM Test-Tree) derived from the OFNM/FSM is constructed using the algorithm we present. Test generation is given out from FSM-TT which satisfies the corresponding coverage criteria.

Model Composition and Generating Tests for Web Applications

Nowadays, with the prevalence of Web applications, more and more services and information are available over the Internet while their correctness, security and reliability are often crucial to the success of business and organizations. Web testing is one of the methods to ensure the Web security. However, due to the special characters of Web applications, traditional testing methods are not suitable for Web testing in many as-pects. A typical Web application consists of two tiers: the client, the server. Most existing works consider Web applications testing from an external or a users view, not taken the interactions and the behaviors of the server side into account. In this paper, special care on the interactions and the behaviors of server side is paid, and an approach to model composition and testing Web applications is proposed. FSMs are used to model Web applications from the users side, and the servers side, respectively. Then, synchronous product was employed as a tool to construct a composition of FSMs. Finally, based on the composition of FSM, test generation is given out which satisfies the correspond-ing coverage criteria.

Modeling and Verifying Web Browser Interactions

Web applications can only be accessed through dedicated client systems called Web browsers. Most current Web browsers offer many tools or facilities for Web page revisiting, including the back and forward buttons, refresh, favorites, link menu and history lists etc. Users can press the back or forward buttons to negatively influence the behaviors of Web application navigation. Existing navigation models are static ones on the whole. Userspsila navigation paths are all determined on stage of model design. Web browser interactions have not been taken into account make them difference from practical navigation in Web applications. Accordingly, special care is taken on Web browser interactions during the userpsilas traversal within hypermedia space. We give out the concept of safety critical region (SCR) and propose an approach to modeling on-the-fly navigation models. The Kripke structure is employed to describe the on-the-fly navigation models. Coverage criteria of Web browser inter-actions, such as, node coverage, transition coverage triggered by actions, SCR coverage, are exploited to derive the properties of Web browser interactions in CTL. Ultimately, we use SMV, the model checking tool, to verify the on-the-fly navigation models.

A Formal Open Framework Based on Agent for Testing Web Applications

This work employs and extends the Gaia methodol- ogy to design a formal open framework based on agent for automatically testing Web applications. In our framework, each test task corresponds to a role and the agent takes this role to achieve its test task or co- operates by interaction with other agent to finish the test tasks. The agent can not only join or leave agent society at will, but also take or release roles at run time dynamically. Our framework can be extended easily by adding new roles to provide much more func- tion. At the same time, agents and roles are loosely coupled; role classes and agent classes can be de- signed at the same time by different teams. The internal design of multi-agent system (MAS) is independent of the Web applications. This framework helps to imple- ment automatically testing of Web applications.

The Influence of Alias and References Escape on Java Program Analysis

The alias and references escape are often used in Java programs. They bring much convenience to the developers, but, they also give adverse affects on the data flow and control flow of program during program analysis. Therefore, when analyzing Java programs, we must consider the alias and references escape. This paper proposes a static approach to detecting control flow information of programs with alias and references escape. Firstly, it computes the data flow information, including def-use information and alias information caused by references assign and references escape. Secondly, it analyzes the program and gets the control flow information based on the obtained data flow information. Finally, a case study shows that the proposed method can detect control flow information exactly.

Towards Practical Modeling of Web Applications and Generating Tests

As Web applications evolve, their structures become more and more complex. Web browsers may influence on the correctness of the Web applications, and Web browser’s interactions can cause further complications of Web application. Existing navigation models are static ones on the whole. Users’ navigation paths are all determined on stage of model design. Web browser interactions have not been taken into account make them different from practical navigation in Web applications. Moreover, as Web applications evolve and new technologies emerge, adaptive navigation was wildly incorporated in current Web applications. It aggravates the complexity of Web navigations. In this paper, a practical approach to modeling of Web applications and generating tests was pro-posed. And special care is taken on Web browser’s interactions and adaptive navigation during the user’s traversal within hypermedia space. At last, test generation is given out which satisfy the corresponding coverage.

Modeling and Verifying for Frameset-Based Web Applications

As Web applications evolve, their structure may be-come more and more complex. Web frameset is used to organize multiple frames and nested framesets to make the layout of some Web pages more identical and bring the development of Web applications easier, which was wildly used in todays Web applications. How to model and verify the frameset-based Web applications is a challenge. In this paper, special care on Web frameset is paid and an approach to modeling and verifying Web applications navigation with Web frameset is proposed. The Composition semantics of Web Frame-set was give out which can be used to construct complex Web Frameset. Additionally, FSM was employed to describe our models with Web Frameset. Then, we transform FSM model into Kripke structure. Finally, taking advantage of the properties which were generated, we verified our model with Web Framesets. And according to results of verification, we improve our models.

Modeling and Testing of GUIs Using IOLTS

Graphical User Interface (GUI) provides a popular and convenient way for the user to freely interact with the systems which makes it widely used in various software applications, it has become an important and indispensable part of todays software. Owing to the characteristics of GUIs different from the traditional software, traditional test techniques and methods cannot satisfy the requirements of GUI testing. Modeling and testing of GUIs-based system is a difficult and challenging work. GUIs-based application is an event-driven application. In GUIs, there exist not only the input events and output events, but also the internal events. In this paper, we identify the input events, output events and internal events and propose an approach to modeling and testing of GUIs-based system using the IOLTS, and input events, output events and internal events are also taken into account. Constraints on events and regular expressions on validation of data are given out. The interactions of GUIs are constructed by the corresponding output events. Finally, tests generation and tests instantiation are given out.

AGT4W: Automatic Generating Tests for Web Applications

Web applications can only be accessed through dedicated client systems called Web browsers. The behaviors of Web browser’s interactions influence the functionalities and navigation of Web applications. In the past, on stage of Web application design and modeling, Web browsers’ interactions are not taken into account. Therefore, in the later implementation phase, it only relies on the developer’s experience. This gives a challenge to the follow-up testing. In this paper, starting from a conventional page navigation graph of a Web application, we propose an approach to transform page navigation graph into FSM-BI (FSM with Web browser’s interactions), and further, design and implement a prototype tool, called AGT4W (Automatic Generating Tests for Web Applications). Based on the FSM-BI, the automated generation of test cases was implemented. Additionally, the detailed process and implementation methods were give out. Firstly, we use ArgoUML to model a traditional Web page navigation graph and import it as a XMI file. Secondly, we transform the XMI file into FSM-BI, so we got a FSM model. Thirdly, based on FSM model, we transform FSM model into FSM Test-Tree. Finally, automatic generation of test cases was carried out.