Sher Afzal Khan

Iris Recognition Using Image Moments and k-Means Algorithm

This paper presents a biometric technique for identification of a person using the iris image. The iris is first segmented from the acquired image of an eye using an edge detection algorithm. The disk shaped area of the iris is transformed into a rectangular form. Described moments are extracted from the grayscale image which yields a feature vector containing scale, rotation, and translation invariant moments. Images are clustered using the k-means algorithm and centroids for each cluster are computed. An arbitrary image is assumed to belong to the cluster whose centroid is the nearest to the feature vector in terms of Euclidean distance computed. The described model exhibits an accuracy of 98.5%.

Global Stability of Vector-Host Disease with Variable Population Size

The paper presents the vector-host disease with a variability in population. We assume, the disease is fatal and for some cases the infected individuals become susceptible. We first show the local and global stability of the disease-free equilibrium, for the case when R 0 < 1. We also show that for R 0 < 1, the disease free-equilibrium of the model is both locally as well as globally stable. For R 0 > 1, there exists a unique positive endemic equilibrium. For R 0 > 1, the disease persistence occurs. The endemic equilibrium is locally as well as globally asymptotically stable for R 0 > 1. Numerical results are presented for the justifications of theoratical results.

A Prediction Model for Membrane Proteins Using Moments Based Features.

The most expedient unit of the human body is its cell. Encapsulated within the cell are many infinitesimal entities and molecules which are protected by a cell membrane. The proteins that are associated with this lipid based bilayer cell membrane are known as membrane proteins and are considered to play a significant role. These membrane proteins exhibit their effect in cellular activities inside and outside of the cell. According to the scientists in pharmaceutical organizations, these membrane proteins perform key task in drug interactions. In this study, a technique is presented that is based on various computationally intelligent methods used for the prediction of membrane protein without the experimental use of mass spectrometry. Statistical moments were used to extract features and furthermore a Multilayer Neural Network was trained using backpropagation for the prediction of membrane proteins. Results show that the proposed technique performs better than existing methodologies.

Module-based architecture for a periodic job-shop scheduling problem

This paper addresses the Petri net (PN) based design and modeling approach for a periodic job-shop scheduling problem. Asynchronous synthesis for net-modules of the jobs is suggested in this paper for optimal allocation of shared resources to different operations. To make sure the completion of all the jobs in a single iteration of a production cycle and the correct calculation of a makespan, the synchronization problem among jobs is tackled by introducing the special synchronizing transition in the model. A timed-place PN is adopted for the purpose of finding the feasible schedule in terms of the firing sequence of the transitions of the PN model by using the heuristic search method. Further, the characterization of the PN model is performed and it is shown that the PN model for a periodic job-shop scheduling problem is equivalent to a class of PN known as parallel process net with resources (PPNRs). The modeling approach is demonstrated with a practical example and a makespan is calculated for the example.

Formal analysis of departure procedure of air traffic control system

In recent years, the volume of air traffic has increased dramatically which caused for unwanted delay in flights at the airports during the departure and arrival process of aircrafts. In this paper we have proposed step by step modeling process for the departure of the aircraft with the coordination of the air traffic controllers. These controllers are responsible for safe and secure movement of the aircrafts. In this procedure initially the control of the aircraft is to the gate controller. Further after the operations of the gate controller the control is transfer to the ramp controller and the aircraft proceed for the departure in a series of the steps. The methodology used for this modeling process is VDM++ which is an object oriented model based formal approach. This method ensures the safety and correctness by identifying errors at early stages of systems designing. It also provides extremely valuable solution of problem and also improves the confidence of the quality of the software.

Prevention of Leptospirosis Infected Vector and Human Population by Multiple Control Variables

Leptospirosis is an infectious disease that damages the liver and kidneys, found mainly in dogs and farm animals and caused by bacteria. In this paper, we present the optimal control problem applied to a dynamical leptospirosis infected vector and human population by using multiple control variables. First, we show the existence of the control problem and then use analytical and numerical techniques to investigate the existence cost effective control efforts for prevention of indirect and direct transmission of this disease. In order to do this, we consider three control functions two for human and one for vector population. We completely characterize the optimal control problem and compute the numerical solution of the optimality system using an iterative method.

Towards the formalization of railway interlocking system using Z-notations

Railway interlocking system is a safety critical system. Its malfunction can cause the loss of human life and severe injuries. To remove difficulties from this type of system better and advanced methodologies are required. This paper presents the use of Z-specification to specify the safety properties of the train system. The paper provides division of railway track into sectors and further division into segments. For the safety of the train a safe distance (open block) is associated with trains to avoid collision. Furthermore, this work uses the circular block around the crossing region. The circular block changes its state from green to red whenever it becomes occupied. Moreover the paper also specifies the safety of trains along the linear motion. This work uses the approach of promotion, which provides relation from local to global system. The authors take train as local system and relate it to the whole system through the operation of promotion. The paper also shows how formal methods are used to specify industrial application successfully.

Coloured Petri Net modeling and analysis for Community based wireless mesh networks.

Wireless mesh networks (WMNs) architecture comprised of mesh routers and mesh clients while their backbone is established through mesh routers which have minimum movements. Coloured Petri Net (CPNs) is a graphical formalism, which is suitable for specification, modeling, analyzing and validating of such systems, where synchronization, communication and concurrency play a major role. This paper presents an abstract level formal model for Community based WMN through CPNs. We aim to provide an easy way to elaborate the behavioral specification for community based WMN system. We further used hierarchical coloured Petri nets for modeling and analyzing our designed structures using CPN tools. We discuss the critical analysis and performance characteristics of the WMN model. Standard behavioral properties e.g. boundedness, home marking and deadlocks analysis as well as statistical analysis are also discussed through state space based method of CPN tools.

Formal and Executable Specification of Random Waypoint Mobility Model Using Timed Coloured Petri Nets for WMN

The wireless mesh network (WMN) is an emerging and cost-effective alternative paradigm for the next generation wireless networks in many diverse applications. In the performance evaluation of routing protocol for the WMN, it is essential that it should be evaluated under realistic conditions. The usefulness of specific mobility protocol can be determined by selection of mobility model. This paper introduces a coloured Petri nets (CP-nets) based formal model for implementation, simulation, and analysis of most widely used random waypoint (RWP) mobility model for WMNs. The formal semantics of hierarchical timed CP-nets allow us to investigate the terminating behavior of the transitions using state space analysis techniques. The proposed implementation improves the RWP mobility model by removing the “border effect” and resolves the “speed decay” problem.

Software Component Selection Based on Quality Criteria Using the Analytic Network Process

Component based software development (CBSD) endeavors to deliver cost-effective and quality software systems through the selection and integration of commercially available software components. CBSD emphasizes the design and development of software systems using preexisting components. Software component reusability is an indispensable part of component based software development life cycle (CBSDLC), which consumes a significant amount of organization’s resources, that is, time and effort. It is convenient in component based software system (CBSS) to select the most suitable and appropriate software components that provide all the required functionalities. Selecting the most appropriate components is crucial for the success of the entire system. However, decisions regarding software component reusability are often made in an ad hoc manner, which ultimately results in schedule delay and lowers the entire quality system. In this paper, we have discussed the analytic network process (ANP) method for software component selection. The methodology is explained and assessed using a real life case study.