Sheroz Khan

Real time lane detection for autonomous vehicles

An increasing safety and reducing road accidents, thereby saving lives are one of great interest in the context of Advanced Driver Assistance Systems. Apparently, among the complex and challenging tasks of future road vehicles is road lane detection or road boundaries detection. It is based on lane detection (which includes the localization of the road, the determination of the relative position between vehicle and road, and the analysis of the vehiclepsilas heading direction). One of the principal approaches to detect road boundaries and lanes using vision system on the vehicle. However, lane detection is a difficult problem because of the varying road conditions that one can encounter while driving. In this paper, a vision-based lane detection approach capable of reaching real time operation with robustness to lighting change and shadows is presented. The system acquires the front view using a camera mounted on the vehicle then applying few processes in order to detect the lanes. Using a pair of hyperbolas which are fitting to the edges of the lane, those lanes are extracted using Hough transform. The proposed lane detection system can be applied on both painted and unpainted road as well as curved and straight road in different weather conditions. This approach was tested and the experimental results show that the proposed scheme was robust and fast enough for real time requirements. Eventually, a critical overview of the methods were discussed, their potential for future deployment were assist.

Cyclic redundancy encoder for error detection in communication channels

This paper describes the methodology used and the implementation of the cyclic redundancy check (CRC) algorithm using C++ programming. The technique gained its popularity because it combines three advantages: extreme error detection capabilities, little overhead, and ease of implementation. The CRC is calculated by performing a modulo 2 division of the data by a generator polynomial and recording the remainder after division. The most commonly used polynomials are implemented. The conclusions and analysis results were shown and suggest that the cyclic redundancy check encoder be used in error detection for digital signals due to its ability to quickly determine if errors are present. The redundancy bits produced by the cyclic encoder enable the receiver to quickly determine if an error was produced. Different types of polynomials are used in the CRC.

Design of a triple-band h slot patch antenna

This paper attempts to design a triple band h-slot antenna by using feed line technique. These bands cover GSM mobile phone system (0.9 and 1.8 GHz) and ISM band which is used for Bluetooth and wireless local area network bands applications. The CST microwave studio software is used as a tool for simulation. This antenna is an attractive candidate for important applications like mobile phone communication systems, mobile phone jammer application, and so on.

Low voltage power line characterization as a data transfer method in public electricity distribution networks and indoor distribution networks

The power line communications has been applied as a data transfer method in both public electricity distribution networks and indoor distribution networks. The industrial low voltage distribution network may be utilized as a communication channel to data transfer required by the on-line condition monitoring of electric motors. The advantage of using power-line data transfer is that it does not require the installing of new cables. In this paper, a pilot distribution network is formed and analyzed. The transfer function of the power line channel is calculated and the signal attenuation in communication channels in the pilot environment is analyzed by varying the parameter that affects the signal attenuation.

Analysis of CNT electronics structure to design CNTFET

In this paper, graphene electronic structure of carbon nanotubes has been analyzed and validate with past theoretical and experimental results. The energy dispersion relation, effective mass and intrinsic carrier concentration of graphene have been analyzed to build diverse carbon nanotubes. The electronics properties of graphene are subject to change with the different diameters and wrapping angles of carbon nanotubes. Different chiral vector (n, m) of a graphene allows to design carbon nanotube for a wide range of applications, which can be achieved from the analyzed carrier concentration calculation. The proposed calculations set a higher boundary for a wide range of applications including the integration of carbon nanotube internal architecture and carbon nanotube field effect transistors.

Communication System for Controlling Smart Appliances using Power Line Communication

Microcontroller-based master and slave units are designed with serial ports for communication with a computer and a transmission port to couple the signal to modems at both ends. The programming of the microcontrollers at either end for formatting the data bits before they are sent down the power line and the development of software for putting in place the required master and slave protocols is presented. Coupling data signals to power line through interfacing circuits is a challenging task as power line and the communication system operate at two extremes - very low frequency and high power for the power line while communication is working at very high frequency and very low voltage and current levels. Hence, the coupling circuit to be designed must be capable to withstand the high power system side in order to prevent a damage being done to the electronic side of the communication system. At the same time it must be reliable enough to make sure that data bits are transferred on to the power line with high accuracy. The interfacing circuits are designed and tuned to frequency contents making the bits of data. The frequency performance of these coupling circuits is presented, showing the range a power line can be used for communication of such data

Mode-locked 2 mu m fiber laser with a multi-walled carbon nanotube as a saturable absorber

We propose and demonstrate a passively mode-locked fiber laser operating at 1951.8 nm using a commercial thulium-doped fiber (TDF) laser, a homemade double-clad thulium-ytterbium co-doped fiber (TYDF) as the gain media, and a multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) based saturable absorber (SA). We prepare the MWCNT composite by mixing a homogeneous solution of MWCNTs with a diluted polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) polymer solution and then drying it at room temperature to form a film. The film is placed between two fiber connectors as a SA before it is integrated into a laser ring cavity. The cavity consists of a 2 m long TDF pumped by a 800 nm laser diode and a 15 m long homemade TYDF pumped by a 905 nm multimode laser diode. A stable mode-locking pulse with a repetition rate of 34.6 MHz and a pulse width of 10.79 ps is obtained when the 905 nm multimode pump power reaches 1.8-2.2 W, while the single-mode 800 nm pump power is fixed at 141.5 mW at all times. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported mode-locked fiber laser using a MWCNT-based SA.

Design and analysis of UWB rectangular patch antenna

In this paper a simple structure of Ultra Wideband (UWB) antenna is proposed. The antenna offers excellent performance for UWB system, ranging from 3.7 GHz to 13.8 GHz. The antenna exhibits a 10 dB return loss bandwidth over the entire frequency band. The antenna is designed on FR4 substrate and fed with 50 ohms microstrip line. It is found that the frequency band depends on the width of the partial ground width, the width of the feedline and position of the feedline.

High quality acquisition of surface electromyography – conditioning circuit design

The acquisition of Surface Electromyography (SEMG) signals is used for many applications including the diagnosis of neuromuscular diseases, and prosthesis control. The diagnostic quality of the SEMG signal is highly dependent on the conditioning circuit of the SEMG acquisition system. This paper presents the design of an SEMG conditioning circuit that can guarantee to collect high quality signal with high SNR such that it is immune to environmental noise. The conditioning circuit consists of four stages; consisting of an instrumentation amplifier that is used with a gain of around 250; 4th order band pass filter in the 20–500Hz frequency range as the two initial stages. The third stage is an amplifier with adjustable gain using a variable resistance; the gain could be changed from 1000 to 50000. In the final stage the signal is translated to meet the input requirements of data acquisition device or the ADC. Acquisition of accurate signals allows it to be analyzed for extracting the required characteristic features for medical and clinical applications. According to the experimental results, the value of SNR for collected signal is 52.4 dB which is higher than the commercial system, the power spectrum density (PSD) graph is also presented and it shows that the filter has eliminated the noise below 20 Hz.

Wireless Transfer of Power to Low Power Implanted Biomedical Devices: Coil Design Considerations

Monolithic fabrication and advancements in MEMS and nanotechnology have made biomedical implants more popular for monitoring and other applications in humans and animals. One of the primary challenges faced in employing implants is providing a stable battery-less power supply. Inductive coupling is a commonly used means of transferring energy to implanted devices requiring power in milliwatt or microwatt range. Similar to passive RFID tags, an external transmit-coil may be used to induce a current in an implanted receive-coil by generating a magnetic field in the vicinity. However, it must be realized that the physical design of inductive coils and their orientation with respect to each other has a direct impact on the inductive link circuit, and power delivery. This paper focuses on developing three dimensional mathematical models of the magnetic field of spiral and solenoid coils to investigate the effect of lateral misalignment on the mutual inductance of the coils. Finite Element Method (FEM) simulations of the spiral and solenoid transmit coils are carried out to validate the developed models. Coil circuit parameters such as inductance, resistance and quality factor are also given.