Sheung Tsun Tsou

Colour chemistry — A study of metastable multiquark molecules

Abstract We propose a framework for treating metastable multiquark states in general, borrowing some of the chemists concepts and terminology. Lists of “ions” and “bonds” are compiled which allow one in principle to construct models of complex “molecules” and to predict their masses and decays.

Strange baryoniums: Their spectrum, decay and production

Using a quark-gluon model we study exhaustively the states with qqqq, where at least one q is a strange quark. The spectrum is extremely rich, but a few trajectories are singled out by their distinctive decay pattern and production mechanism. States of unusual colour content, formed from a diquark in colour-6 and an antidiquark in 6-colour, are weakly coupled to BB or two-meson channels through decay. Instead they prefer to cascade by emitting a π or a K if possible. Narrow ΛN states among these are expected to be seen in Kp interactions. States with S = 2 will occur with K−Λp or K+−gLp final states, but not for example πΛΛ. Some of these can be produced diffractively, with cross sections in the region of 1 μb. Those that require quantum-number exchange for production are expected to have considerably lower cross sections. Some can occur as cascade decay products.

A model behind the standard model

In spite of its many successes, the standard model makes many empirical assumptions in the Higgs and fermion sectors for which a deeper theoretical basis is sought. Starting from the usual gauge symmetry, u(1)×su(2)×su(3) plus the three assumptions of (A) scalar fields as vielbeins in internal symmetry space, (B) the ”confinement picture” of symmetry breaking, (C) generations as ”dual” to colour, we are led to a scheme that offers (I) geometrical significance to scalar fields, (II) a theoretical criterion for what scalar fields are to be introduced, (III) a partial explanation of why su(2) appears broken while su(3) confines, (IV) baryon–lepton number (B-L) conservation, (V) the standard electroweak structure, (VI) a 3-valued generation index for leptons and quarks, and (VII) a dynamical system with all the essential features of an earlier phenomenological model, which gave a good description of the known mass and mixing patterns of quarks and leptons including neutrino oscillations. There are other implications, the consistency of which with experiment, however, has not yet been systematically explored. A possible outcome is a whole new branch of particle spectroscopy from su(2) confinement, potentially as rich in details as that of hadrons from colour confinement, which will be accessible to experiment at high energy.

A Dynamical mechanism for quark mixing and neutrino oscillations

Abstract. We show that, if one assumes fermion generations to be given by a gauge symmetry, together with a certain Higgs mechanism for breaking it, then the known empirical features of quark and lepton mixing can be largely explained, including, in particular, the fact that the mixing (CKM) matrix element

A solution to the strong CP problem transforming the theta angle to the KM CP-violating phase

U_{\mu3}

Lepton transmutation in the dualized standard model

, responsible for the muon anomaly in atmospheric neutrinos, is near maximal, and much larger than its quark counterparts

MASS HIERARCHY, MIXING, CP-VIOLATION AND HIGGS DECAY OR WHY ROTATION IS GOOD FOR US

V_{cb}

The renormalization of the vacuum trajectories in dual unitarization

and

Possible anomalies in Higgs decay: charm-suppression and flavour-violation

V_{ts}

A First Test of the Framed Standard Model against Experiment

, while the corner elements for both quarks (