Shigeaki Hayashida

Risk group stratification to predict recurrence after transurethral resection in Japanese patients with stage Ta and T1 bladder tumours: validation study on the European Association of Urology guidelines

Study Type – Therapy (case series) 
Level of Evidence 4

Mutagenicity of urine of various species fed N-[4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-2-thiazolyl]formamide or 2-amino-4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)thiazole☆

Rats, mice and hamsters, which are susceptible to the bladder carcinogenesis by N-[4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-2-thiazolyl]formamide (FANFT), and guinea pigs, which are not, were fed a diet containing 0.188% FANFT or 0.188% 2-amino-4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)thiazole (ANFT) for 1 week and their urine was then examined for mutagenicity for S. typhimurium TA100. The mutagenicities of the urine of these species fed FANFT were approximately equal. Similarly, that of the urine of these species fed ANFT were also approximately equal. However, the urine from FANFT-fed animals was approximately 10 times as mutagenic as that from ANFT-fed animals. ANFT was detected only in the urine of rats, mice or hamsters fed FANFT. A positive correlation between the susceptibility toward bladder carcinogenesis by FANFT and urinary ANFT excretion was demonstrated, although the correlation between this susceptibility and urine mutagenicity was lacking.

Production of urinary tract tumors by co-administration of uracil and N-[4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-2-thiazolyl]-formamide in F344 rats

Co-administration of uracil and N-[4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-2-thiazolyl]formamide (FANFT) to weanling female Fischer rats produced uracil stones in the bladder and significantly reduced the incidence of bladder tumors. Contrary to bladder tumors, the incidence of renal pelvic and ureteric tumors was increased by this regimen. Feeding of uracil alone produced bladder tumors, in addition to the hyperplasia of renal pelvis, ureter and bladder. The mechanism of uracils effect on FANFT carcinogenesis is not known.

Enhancement by phenothiazine and 2,5-di-O-acetyl-d-glucosaccharo-(1,4)(6,3)-dilactone of bladder carcinogenicity of N-[4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-2-thiazolyl]-formamide in rats

Rats concomitantly fed N-[4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-2-thiazolyl] formamide (FANFT) and phenothiazine, or concomitantly fed FANFT and Glucaron then fed Glucaron alone had significantly greater incidences of transitional cell carcinomas of the bladder than rats fed FANFT alone. Caffeine and cysteamine did not affect FANFT bladder carcinogenesis. Phenothiazine induced nitroreductase activity of hepatic microsomes.