Shigeo Furuno

Diamond-like carbon films prepared by pulsed-laser evaporation

Diamond-like carbon thin films were prepared by pulsed-laser evaporation. In this method a carbon target was irradiated by a XeCl laser with a power density of 3×108 W/cm2 and carbon atoms, together with a small number of ions, were produced. Deposition rates and film properties changed sensitively with substrate temperature. The films deposited at 50°C were diamond-like, having reasonable hardness, high refractive index (2.1–2.2 at 633 nm), optical transparency in the infrared, electrical resistivity of 108 Ω cm and chemical inertness (no dissolution in a HF∶HNO3 solution). The band gap measured from optical absorption was 1.4 eV. Raman spectrum and infrared absorption, whose features varied with the substrate temperature, were also measured. The films were amorphous and no crystallinity was observed, as confirmed by x-ray diffraction, transmission electron diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. Hydrogen atoms were incorporated in the films with a typical H/C ratio of 0.3. The application of a negative bias to the substrate modified the deposition due to the presence of ions.

Deposition of Diamond-like Carbon Films by Pulsed-Laser Evaporation

Diamond-like carbon thin films were deposited by pulsed-laser evaporation. A carbon target was irradiated by a Xe-Cl laser with a power density of 3×108 W/cm2. Ions were mixed with vaporized atoms. Deposition rates were typically 200 A/ min. Film properties changed with substrate temperature. The films deposited at 50°C were diamond-like, as confirmed by refractive index (2.1 to 2.2), optical transparenty and chemical resistance. Hydrogen-free films were produced. Optical band gap was 1.4 eV and electrical resistivity was 108 Ω-cm. No crystallinity was observed.

The Effects of ‘Inclination Angle of Swirl Axis’ on Turbulence Characteristics in a 4-Valve Lean-Burn Engine with SCV

It has been demonstrated that the in-cylinder turbulence of a 4 valve engine with a swirl control valve (SCV) is enhanced by inclined swirl. This paper examines the effects on turbulence of varying swirl inclination angle defied as the inverse tangent of the vertical component of total angular momentum divided by the horizontal component. Experiments were conducted on a 4-valve single cylinder engine with SCV using a backward-scatter LDV and BSA (Bust Spectrum Analyzer). The results show that although total angular momentum is greatest with horizontal swirl, turbulence intensity measured in the center of the combustion chamber attains a peak value when the swirl inclination angle is between 30 and 45 degrees from the cylinder axis under the same flow rate.

Analysis of visualized fuel flow inside the slit nozzle of direct injection SI gasoline engine

In the direct injection spark ignition gasoline engine (D-4), thin fan-shaped high-dispersion, high-penetration and high-atomization spray formed by the slit nozzle generates a stratified mixture cloud without depending on a strong intake air motion, subsequently realizing stable stratified charge combustion. To improve fuel economy further in actual traffic, the region of stratified charge combustion in torque-engine speed map must be expanded by improving spray characteristics. Since the fuel flow inside the nozzle has a large effect on the spray characteristics, it was clarified this effect by visual analysis of the fuel flow inside the nozzle using an enlarged acrylic slit nozzle of 10 magnifications. Consequently, it was found that vortices are generated frequently within a sac even in the case of steady state conditions. The effect on the spray characteristics is corresponding to the vortex scale. Stratified charge combustion was improved by reducing the vortex scale, subsequently improving the spray characteristics.

New concept of a direct injection SI gasoline engine: a study of stratified charge combustion characteristics by radical luminescence measurement

Abstract A new stratified charge system, which employs a thin fan–shaped fuel spray and a shell–shaped position cavity, has been developed for direct injection gasoline engines. In order to clarify the characteristics of stratified mixture formation and combustion, spray motion visualization, local fuel concentration in piston cavity, and frame behavior observation were performed. The newly developed system achieves stable stratified combustion in the high-speed region due to optimized piston cavity shape and fuel spray characteristics, especially suitable spray penetration with high injection pressure which ensures the mixture formation is “robust” against air flow and accelerating mixture diffusion in the cavity.

Lean combustion characteristics of locally stratified charge mixture: Basic studies of in-vessel combustion ignited by laser

Abstract In order to study the trade-off between improved lean combustion and reduced NO x emissions under a locally stratified charge mixture, this paper examines the effects of the rich mixture volume on combustion duration and the NO x emissions under the same total equivalence ratio in a combustion vessel. The rich methane-air mixture in a soap bubble was ignited at the center of the bubble by a pulsed YAG laser. As a result, it was found that the magnitude of the NO x emissions does not increase as the rich mixture volume increases up to a critical volume, but the combustion duration at that time shortens remarkably. The same tendency was also obtained by means of computer simulation using a 4-cylinder lean burn engine.

Deposition of a-Si Films Using Silane Molecular Beams Excited by Heated Wire and ArF Laser

Amorphous silicon films were deposited by using silane molecular beams excited either by ArF laser beams or heated tungsten wires. Reaction mechanisms are discussed on the basis of the dependence of deposition rates on substrate temperature and, in the case of the heated-wire method, on wire temperature.