Shilpi Gupta

Dentine in a capsule: Clinical case reports

Biodentine TM , a calcium silicate based material has been popular now and can be used as an alternative to mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) due to superior physical and biologic properties. It has been known by several terms as Biodentine, dentin substitute, and RD 94. It has varied clinical applications such as apexification, apexogenesis, pulpotomy, internal resorption, root perforation repair, retrograde filling, pulp capping procedure, and dentin replacement. This article describes the clinical case reports using Biodentine in apexification, apexogenesis, pulpotomy, and root perforation repair.

Antibacterial Activity and Fluoride Release of Glass-Ionomer Cement, Compomer and Zirconia Reinforced Glass-Ionomer Cement

INTRODUCTIONnThe cariostatic property of glass ionomer cement (GIC) stems from its ability to release fluoride into the oral environment. Recently, zirconia reinforced GIC has been launched which promises the protective benefits of glass ionomer while completely eliminating the hazard of mercury.nnnAIMnTo evaluate invitro antibacterial activity and fluoride release from two conventional glass ionomer cements (GC II and GC IX), compomer (Compoglass) and a zirconia reinforced glass ionomer cement (Zirconomer).nnnMATERIALS AND METHODSnThe antibacterial activity of the cement specimens was evaluated against Streptococcus mutans using the agar inhibition test. Zone of inhibition on Mueller-Hinton agar plates was measured after 48 hours. The fluoride release from the cement specimens in ppm were measured at day 1, 7, 14 and 21 using a fluoride ion selective electrode. Data was analysed using one-way and two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by LSD post-hoc test. A p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.nnnRESULTSnStatistically significant largest zone of inhibition was observed with Zirconomer. Also, significant differences were seen in fluoride release of different materials. At all the time intervals maximum fluoride release was observed with Zirconomer and minimum with Compoglass.nnnCONCLUSIONnThis invitro investigation has revealed that zirconia reinforced GIC (Zirconomer) had maximum antibacterial activity against S.mutans and fluoride release.

Evaluation of Relative Accuracy of Three Commercially Available Removable Die Systems of Different Configurations: An in vitro Study

Materials and methods: A total of 60 impressions were made of the standardized brass master model using polyvinylsiloxane. Impressions were divided into three groups. For each group, a different removable die system was used. Group I: cross pin; group II: M R pin; and group III: conventional brass dowel pin. The presectioning measurement both in the horizontal and vertical directions of all the 60 casts obtained were made using profile projector. The casts were then sectioned and removed and replaced 30 times, and the postsectioning measurements were made using the same references. The differences between the presectioning and the postsectioning measurements were calculated Statistical analysis used: The data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s multiple comparison test.

A comparative evaluation of clinical and radiographic success rate of pulpotomy in primary molars using antioxidant mix and mineral trioxide aggregate: An in vivo 1-year follow-up study

Introduction: Pulpotomy technique is most widely accepted clinical procedure for treating primary teeth with coronal pulp inflammation caused by caries with no involvement of the radicular pulp. Aim and Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the success and efficacy of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and antioxidant mix as pulpotomy agents both clinically and radiographically. Materials and Methods: A total of forty primary molars in children aged between 6 and 9 years, requiring for pulpotomy procedures, were selected. Random samples distribution was done, antioxidant mix (n = 20) and MTA (n = 20) both were used as pulpotomy agent. Under rubber dam isolation, pulpotomy procedure was performed in all samples followed by restoration with stainless steel crowns. Later, the patients were recalled after 6 and 12 months for clinical and radiographic evaluation. The data were evaluated using Fishers exact test. Results: Statistically analysis shows no significant difference between the two groups (P > 0.05) with respect to clinical and radiographic success rate, but antioxidant mix showed more efficient result than MTA. Conclusion: Antioxidant mix pulpotomy is more biocompatible and cost effective than any other commercially available medicament.

Mouthguard-A Device for Prevention of Dental Trauma Injury in Visually Impaired Individuals: 1-year Follow-up

1,4-6Resident, 2Assistant Professor, 3Reader 1,3-5Department of Pedodontic and Preventive Dentistry, Hitkarini Dental College & Hospital, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India 2Department of Pedodontic and Preventive Dentistry, Buraydah Private College, Buraydah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia 6Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Hitkarini Dental College & Hospital, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India Corresponding Author: Sommyta Kathal, Resident, Department of Pedodontic and Preventive Dentistry, Hitkarini Dental College & Hospital, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India, e-mail: sommyta.kathal@yahoo.com ABSTRACT Aim: To evaluate the prevalence of dental trauma in visually impaired children before and after using mouthguard. Materials and methods: A total of 52 visually impaired children of the age group of 7 to 16 years were selected. A proforma was used to collect data on routine physical activities, and intraoral examination was done. At the end of 1-year follow-up, questionnaire was repeated, which includes the number of children wearing mouthguard and preventing from further traumatic dental injuries. Out of 52 children, 28 wore mouthguards and only 3 children had newer incidence of trauma. The remaining 25 children were prevented from further dental trauma. Data were analyzed using Pearson’s chi-square test (p < 0.05). Results: The result showed was statistically nonsignificant, but the incidence of dental trauma was reduced after the use of mouthguard. Conclusion: Mouthguard had proven to be an effective device for prevention of dental traumatic injuries in visually impaired children. Further studies are required to assess the problems encountered while wearing mouthguard during physical activities. Implication: Traumatic dental injury is the most common problem faced by visually impaired children. Using the protective device and its awareness of wearing can reduce the prevalence of dental trauma in visually impaired children.

Comparative Evaluation of Microleakage of Zirconomer, Amalgomer CR, and Conventional Glass Ionomer (Type II) as Restorative Cements in Primary Teeth: An in vitro Study

Over the past 50 years, many changes have occurred in restorative materials in development and on availability.1 Restorative dentistry, in its infancy, was dominated by the simple principle of “Extension for Prevention,” laid down by GV Black and which was partially dictated by the restorative material available at that time.2 Restoration in primary teeth differs from the permanent teeth because of limited lifespan of teeth, different morphology of primary molar teeth, and their susceptibility to caries, lower biting force in children.3 The ideal requisites for restorative material are that it should have a good color stability, have a coefficient of thermal expansion, have biocompatibility similar to that of natural tooth structure, excellent marginal seal, and the ability to adhere chemically to enamel and dentin.4 1,4,5Postgraduate Resident, 2Professor and Head, 3Reader 6Senior Lecturer 1-5Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Hitkarini Dental College & Hospital, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India

Family-related factors associated with caries prevalence in the primary dentition of 5–6-year-old children in urban and rural areas of Jabalpur City

Aim: The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence of dental caries in primary dentition of 5–6-year-old children in urban and rural areas of Jabalpur city. Materials and Methods: The present cross-sectional study was conducted in the rural and urban areas of Jabalpur city, India. A power analysis was carried out to select a representative sample of 5–6-year-old children (n = 408), 204 from government schools and 204 from private schools. Parents were interviewed using a self-structured questionnaire to collect data with regard to variables under evaluation. Statistical Analysis: Collected data were subjected to descriptive analysis using the SPSS 12.0 version. Risk factor association with dental caries was investigated using a stepwise logistic regression analysis with P < 0.05 considered significant. Results: This shows significantly higher decayed missing filled teeth among rural children than urban children. It was seen that 46.5% of children whose mothers were illiterate were affected with dental caries. In urban area, 91.5% of children whereas 77% of children in rural area have parental control on sugar consumption. Conclusion: It is important to focus on parents education level when planning preventive programs for young children. Assessing family-related risk factors is essential when instituting preventive/treatment programs for young children.

Awareness and prevention of patient gag reflex among pedodontists in India: A web-based survey.

Aim: The aim of this study is to devise a reliable and valid web-based survey to predict the awareness level and prevention of patients gag reflex among Indian pedodontists. Materials and Methods: An 11-question predictive gagging survey was created, refined, and tested on 377 pedodontists. The questions focused on age group, common procedure associated with gag reflex and the most common technique adapted by dentists in their clinics to prevent gag. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in gagging reflex among age groups with 53.5% of patients reported anxiety and fear as a main cause of gag; behavioral modification technique was considered as the most reliable method for gagging prevention in 68.5% of patients and there was no statistically significant difference in gagging severity index among patients irrespective of age, causes, and methods used to prevent it. Conclusion: The web-based gagging survey established that level of awareness regarding management of patients gag is significantly low among pedodontists in India and hence is a major hindrance in the clinical practice.

Smear layer removal in primary teeth using a novel irrigant, QMix: An in vitro study

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the smear layer removal efficacies of 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and QMix TM (Dentsply Tulsa Dental Specialties, Tulsa, OK, USA) in the coronal, middle, and apical thirds of the root canal using a common irrigation protocol in deciduous teeth. Materials and Methods: Forty extracted human single-rooted deciduous teeth were prepared to 40 K file. Prepared teeth were randomly divided into two groups (n = 8); 5.25% NaOCl (group 1) and QMix TM (group 2). Following final irrigation with tested irrigants, the decoronated teeth were split into two halves longitudinally and evaluated and assessed for the amount smear layer present under a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The SEM images were analyzed for the amount of smear layer present using a score system criteria by Rome et al. Data were analyzed using the Fischer exact test. Results: Intergroup comparison of groups 1 and 2 showed statistically significant differences in the coronal (P = 0.001) and middle thirds (P = 0.032); however, in the apical third the canal surfaces were cleaner in samples from group 2 (P = 0.046) as compared to group 1. Conclusion: QMix TM is effective as a final irrigation agent for the removal of smear layer in the coronal, middle, and apical thirds of the root canals in deciduous teeth.

Childhood obesity and holistic oral health

Obesity is one of the most significant health risks of modern society, and is now recognized as a major health concern in both developed and developing countries. Environmental and sociobehavioural influences and metabolic abnormalities are likely the most important risk factors for obesity. An association between weight and oral health has been suggested. Especially, obesity and dental caries in childhood are among the major public health concerns described as a global pandemic because of their global distribution and severe consequences. Therefore, measurement of obesity may provide useful information about the risk of various states of diseases. Pediatric dentists who care for children are encouraged to assess diet, sedentary and physical activity, weigh and measure children, calculate body mass index percentiles, and observe trajectories at regular intervals for children.