Shingo Shimizu

Structure and Formation Mechanism on the 24 May 2000 Supercell-Like Storm Developing in a Moist Environment over the Kanto Plain, Japan

Abstract The structure and formation mechanism of a supercell-like storm in a moist environment below a melting layer were investigated using dual-Doppler radar analysis and a cloud-resolving storm simulator (CReSS). The supercell-like storm developed over the Kanto Plain, Japan, on 24 May 2000. The environment of the supercell-like storm possessed large convective available potential energy (1000 J kg−1), strong vertical wind shear (4.2 × 10−3 s−1 between the surface and 5 km above sea level), and a moist layer (the relative humidity was 60%–90% below a melting layer at 3 km in height). The dual-Doppler radar analysis with a variational method revealed that the supercell-like storm had similar structures to those of a typical supercell in a dry environment below a melting layer, such as that in the Great Plains in the United States. The structures included a hook echo, an overhanging echo structure, and a strong updraft with strong vertical vorticity. However, some of the characteristics of the supercell...