Shinichiro Yanagisawa

Cost-effectiveness of alendronate for the treatment of osteopenic postmenopausal women in Japan.

Many postmenopausal women have osteopenia, a condition characterized by loss of bone mineral density (BMD) that is not as severe as in osteoporosis. The objective of this study was to estimate the cost‐effectiveness of alendronate to prevent fractures in osteopenic postmenopausal women without a history of fracture in Japan. An individual simulation model was developed to predict lifetime costs and quality‐adjusted life years (QALYs) of 5 years of preventive alendronate therapy versus no preventive therapy. The risk of hip and vertebral fracture associated with age and BMD was derived from epidemiologic studies in Japan. We ran the model with different combinations of age (65, 70, and 75 years), BMD (70%, 75%, and 80% of young adult mean [YAM]), and additional clinical risk factors. For 70‐year‐old women with a BMD of 70% of the YAM having one of the following risk factors: a family history of hip fracture, high alcohol intake, or current smoking, the incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio (ICER) of alendronate was

Cost-effectiveness analysis of oseltamivir for influenza treatment considering the virus emerging resistant to the drug in Japan.

92,937,

Salbutamol inhibits ubiquitin-mediated survival motor neuron protein degradation in spinal muscular atrophy cells

126,251, and

A Comparison of the Technical Quality of American and Japanese Ranitidine Tablets

129,067 per QALY, respectively. These results were sensitive to age, BMD, and number of clinical risk factors. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis for the base case showed that in the presence of one, two, and three risk factors, alendronate was cost‐effective in 0.2% to 2.6%, 13.1% to 56.1%, and 99.1% of the simulations, respectively, if society is willing to pay

Corrigendum to: ‘‘Salbutamol inhibits ubiquitin-mediated survival motor neuron protein degradation in spinal muscular atrophy cells’’ [Biochem. Biophys. Rep. 4 (2015) 351–356]

50,000 per QALY. Additional analysis indicated that alendronate can be a good value in osteopenic women if the 10‐year probability for a osteoporotic hip or vertebral fracture is more than 26.2%. Our results indicate that whether to treat osteopenia with alendronate should be determined on the basis of age, BMD, and number of clinical risk factors in terms of cost‐effectiveness.

PIN18 COST-EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS OF OSELTAMIVIR FOR INFLUENZA IN JAPAN: MODELING IN THE VIRUS EMERGING RESISTANT TO THE DRUG

AIM The purpose of this study is to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of oseltamivir for influenza in Japan considering the complications and the emergence of oseltamivir-resistant virus. METHODS Study design is a cost-effectiveness analysis in decision analytic modeling based on previously published evidence. Outcome measures included costs and quality-adjusted life year (QALY). RESULTS AND CONCLUSION In the base-case analysis, the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of oseltamivir during influenza and complications was JPY398,571 (

PMD2 MONTE-CARLO VALIDATION OF DELTA-K METHOD FOR SAMPLE-SIZE CALCULATION IN A COST-EFFECTIVENESS TRIAL

3320) per QALY without productivity loss, which implied oseltamivir is evidently cost-effective. Furthermore, considering the productivity loss, the ICER for oseltamivir turned to be negative, which means simply dominant. When the prevalence was in the low range of 10% to 38%, oseltamivir became less cost-effective than conventional treatment. Regarding potential emergence of the drug-resistant virus, we found the dominance of oseltamivir will vanish if the emerging rate becomes larger than 27%. The two-way sensitivity analysis also suggested that if the resistant virus rate becomes less and the prevalence higher, then oseltamivir becomes more advantageous. The analysis for uncertainty, using cost-effectiveness acceptability curve by Monte Carlo simulation, resulted in the estimate of about 80% chance that oseltamivir could be cost-effective at the willingness-to-pay level of JPY6,000,000 (

PMD1 THE NEW METHOD FOR TIME ADJUSTMENT OF THE NUMBER NEEDED TO TREAT AND ITS APPLICATION TO PHARMACOECONOMICS ANALYSIS

50,000), which is commonly accepted as an affordable threshold.

Cost-effectiveness Analysis of Influenza and Pneumococcal Vaccinations among Elderly People in Japan

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a common autosomal recessive neuromuscular disorder that is currently incurable. SMA is caused by decreased levels of the survival motor neuron protein (SMN), as a result of loss or mutation of SMN1. Although the SMN1 homolog SMN2 also produces some SMN protein, it does not fully compensate for the loss or dysfunction of SMN1. Salbutamol, a β2-adrenergic receptor agonist and well-known bronchodilator used in asthma patients, has recently been shown to ameliorate symptoms in SMA patients. However, the precise mechanism of salbutamol action is unclear. We treated SMA fibroblast cells lacking SMN1 and HeLa cells with salbutamol and analyzed SMN2 mRNA and SMN protein levels in SMA fibroblasts, and changes in SMN protein ubiquitination in HeLa cells. Salbutamol increased SMN protein levels in a dose-dependent manner in SMA fibroblast cells lacking SMN1, though no significant changes in SMN2 mRNA levels were observed. Notably, the salbutamol-induced increase in SMN was blocked by a protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor and deubiquitinase inhibitor, respectively. Co-immunoprecipitation assay using HeLa cells showed that ubiquitinated SMN levels decreased in the presence of salbutamol, suggesting that salbutamol inhibited ubiquitination. The results of this study suggest that salbutamol may increase SMN protein levels in SMA by inhibiting ubiquitin-mediated SMN degradation via activating β2-adrenergic receptor-PKA pathways.

The Logistic Regression and ROC Analysis of Group-based Screening for Predicting Diabetes Incidence in Four Years

The purpose of this study was to compare the technical quality of commercial American and Japanese ranitidine tablets. Five brands of 150-mg USP tablets and six brands of 150-mg JP tablets were compared on hardness, friability, average weight, average content, content uniformity, and dissolution. The difference in hardness between American and Japanese tablets was significant. Dissolution profiles of Japanese tablets were not significantly different from one other, whereas those of American tablets were significantly different. However, all brands complied with USP 27. Since all brands can be expected to be in therapeutic use, this result supports the use of the USP criterion as an indicator for therapeutic efficacy.