Shinji Kioka

The Physical Properties of Consolidated Ridge Ice Modeled as Frozen Rubble

In cold regions, given that first year-year ice ridges often govern the design load for offshore structure, it is important to obtain knowledge about ice ridges, especially the consolidated portion, in designing offshore structures. However, the physical properties and strength of sea ice ridge appear to be much more complex than those of undeformed ice or level ice. We performed a preliminary series of tests (uniaxial compression tests) in the laboratory on model ice (refrozen rubble) to investigate the strength and the physical properties of the consolidated portion. In order to construct an ice ridge model, cubical ice blocks of size (a) were randomly arranged in the ice tank filled with saline water that had greater salinity than that of the ice blocks. After they were refrozen, using a core drill with various diameters (d), we collected test core samples with a range of d/a ratios. We then examined their physical properties and mechanical characteristics with regard to size effects. In our test results, the difference in ice strength according to the sample’s original location and orientation was small in an ice ridge model compared with level ice, suggesting that the ice ridge strength may be macroscopically isotropic. As with level ice, the strength of the ice ridge decreased with increase in specimen size, indicating a size effect. We discuss this size effect of ice strength on the basis of weakest link theory. Each of the expectation and the standard deviation of the strength is proportional to volume to the -1/β power, where β is regarded as a shape parameter. Both the calculated value estimated from the theory and the experimental value on the ice strength show that the strength of level ice slightly exceeds that of ice ridge model for small specimens, but that the values approach each other as the size of the specimen increases. Also, the strength of level ice and ridge ice appear to have the same asymptotic strength and they may be essentially of the same order. Finally, we proposed a practical application of ridge strength.

STUDY ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF ICE RIDGE

In cold region, the design load for offshore structures is often given by first-year ice ridges, it isimportant to obt ain knowledge about ice ridge, especially consolidated parts, in designing offshore structures. However, the physical properties and strength of sea ice ridge appear to be much more complex than those of undeformed ice or level ice.We performed a preliminary series of tests (unconfined compression tests) in the laboratory to investigate the strength and the physical properties of the consolidated part. In order to construct an ice ridge, cubic ice blocks of varies size (a) were place in the ice tank filled with salt water that had greater salinity than that of the ice blocks. After they were refrozen, using varies size core drill (d), we collected core test samples of varies sizes and various d/a ratio, due to combination (a) and (d). and then weexamined its physical properties and its strength characteristics in considerations with the size effects.

Numerical Analysis of Ice Forces on Pile Structures Due to Changes in Water Level Under Flooding Conditions

This presentation is titled Ice Forces on Pile Structures Due to Changes in Water Level Under Flooding Conditions. In cold offshore regions, changes in water level can induce vertical forces on structures when sea ice cover interacts with the structures. A rise in water level generates an upward force on pile structures; likewise, a drop generates a downward force. In this presentation, I propose a method of calculation that estimates the vertical ice forces on pile structures due to changes in water level under flooding conditions.