Shivalingappa S. Halli

Ethnicity and migration in Canada.

This study focuses on the relationship between ethnicity and geographic mobility in Canada by examining 1971 census data. Several competing hypotheses are extracted from the literature on the social demography of ethnic and minority groups and evaluated for their efficacy in explaining the observed differences in geographic mobility. The results from a multivariate analysis suggest that the causal mechanisms involving ethnic, characteristic factors and the propensity to move are varied and interconnected; hence, both ethnic and social demographic characteristics are important sources of migration differentials. The article concludes by providing a theoretical model for further examination of ethnicity and migration.

How minority status affects fertility : Asian groups in Canada

Preface Introduction Historical and Background Characteristics of Asians Asian Ethnic Fertility Differentials The Effect of Minority Group Status on Fertility: A Re-Examination Minority Status and Fertility: A Canadian Asians Case Summary and Conclusions References

Ethnic fertility differences in Canada, 1926–71: an examination of assimilation hypothesis

The changing pattern of fertility differences among ethnic groups in Canada during the period 1926-71 is studied. 2 specific questions are addressed. The 1st is do ethnic groups assimilate the fertility patterns of the general Canadian population over time, e.g. are the fertility differences disappearing? Secondly, is the extent of assimilation in fertility greater in urban than in rural areas? The indirectly standardized general fertility rates, calculated by using the ethnic age distribution data from the censuses of 1931 to 1971, indicate a tendency for the population to become more homogeneous during times of increasing fertility, thus supporting the assimilative possibilities, whereas in times of declining fertility there is a tendency for the population to become more heterogeneous. The data also seem to support weaker assimilatory tendencies in rural areas than in urban areas during only the most recent period, 1966-71, and not in earlier periods.

Compulsory Birth Control and Fertility Measures in India.

This study utilizes a microsimulation approach to analyze proposed compulsary sterilization programs in India from 1976-2000. The specific objectives are: 1) to study the number of eligible couples to be sterilized under 3 different policies; and 2) to study the effects of different sterilization policies on some fertility measures. The policies considered are: 1) sterilize as soon as the woman delivers her 2nd child; 2) sterilize as soon as the woman delivers her 3rd child; 3) sterilize as soon as the woman delivers her 4th child. Input data were simulated by taking 5000 currently married women at the year 1976 computing their age at marriage and recording the number of births they have had up to 1976. Then using the probability of survival an estimtion was made of the number of children surviving. Using this basic data the distribution of 2000 currently married women was obtained forming the initial segment of the population to be considered. While following this cohort of 2000 women throughout their reproductive period 5% of the current years women were added to subsequent year cohorts in order to account for newly married women entering the reproductive period. The age distribution of these newly married couples were determined on the basis of the conditional probability of getting married at different ages. The results show that the number of sterilizations to be undertaken in the 1st year is quite high: 54% 38% and 22% for policies 1 2 and 3 respectively; but for the subsequent years the averages are approximately: 4% 3% and 2.5% respectively. The % reduction in birth rate for these programs is 55% 36% and 23% respectively. This study demonstrates that simulation modelling can play and important role in understanding the possible implications of specific governmental programs under assumed conditions and is thus a highly useful tool for the planning process.

A simple phenotypic classification for celiac disease

Background/Aims Celiac disease is a global health problem. The presentation of celiac disease has unfolded over years and it is now known that it can manifest at different ages, has varied presentations, and is prone to develop complications, if not managed properly. Although the Oslo definitions provide consensus on the various terminologies used in literature, there is no phenotypic classification providing a composite diagnosis for the disease. Methods Various variables identified for phenotypic classification included age at diagnosis, age at onset of symptoms, clinical presentation, family history and complications. These were applied to the existing registry of 1,664 patients at Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, India. In addition, age was evaluated as below 15 and below 18 years. Cross tabulations were used for the verification of the classification using the existing data. Expert opinion was sought from both international and national experts of varying fields. Results After empirical verification, age at diagnosis was considered appropriate in between A1 (<18) and A2 (≥18). The disease presentation has been classified into 3 types–P1 (classical), P2 (non-classical) and P3 (asymptomatic). Complications were considered as absent (C0) or present (C1). A single phenotypic classification based on these 3 characteristics, namely age at the diagnosis, clinical presentation, and intestinal complications (APC classification) was derived. Conclusions APC classification (age at diagnosis, presentation, complications) is a simple disease explanatory classification for patients with celiac disease aimed at providing a composite diagnosis.