Shoichi Ebisuno

Rice Bran Treatment for Patients with Hypercalciuric Stones: Experimental and Clinical Studies

The purpose of this study is to confirm the hypocalciuric effect of rice bran experimentally and clinically. Urinary calcium excretion and its absorption in the intestine were reduced significantly by rice bran or phytin in rats fed high calcium diets, while there were no significant decreases with a low calcium diet. For the clinical study 70 patients with idiopathic hypercalciuria were treated with rice bran (10 gm. twice daily) for 1 month to 3 years. In almost all patients rice bran caused a significant decrease in urinary calcium excretion, which was maintained during treatment. Evidence of stones has decreased clearly among patients treated with rice bran for 1 to 3 years, although this might be a halfway judgment of the long-term treatment. We suggest that phytin should be the most effective substance to reduce the intestinal absorption of calcium and that rice bran treatment should be effective for prevention of recurrent urinary stone disease.

The cytotoxic effects of fleroxacin and ciprofloxacin on transitional cell carcinoma in Vitro

There have been few reports concerning the cytotoxic effects of fluoroquinolone antibiotics on transitional cell carcinoma. This investigation was designed to study the cytotoxic effects of fleroxacin and ciprofloxacin on transitional cell carcinoma quantitatively in vitro.

Interactions between calcium oxalate monohydrate crystals and Madin-Darby canine kidney cells: endocytosis and cell proliferation

The present investigation was designed to study the biological responses in cultures of Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells exposed to calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) crystals, the most common type of urinary crystals. The addition of COM crystals significantly accelerated the multiplication of MDCK cells and significantly activated the cell viability. After exposure of MDCK cells to COM crystals, scanning electron microscopy revealed that some crystals adhered to the plasma membrane and others were endocytosed by the cell. This cellular uptake of crystals was time dependent from 1 to 8 h and showed a specificity according to crystal type. However, the endocytosis of aggregated COM crystals was less marked than that of non-aggregated crystals. Pre-treatment with each of the glycosaminoglycans (sodium pentosan polysulphate, heparin, and chondroitin sulphate C) produced a significant reduction of the cellular uptake of COM crystals, suggesting that these glycosaminoglycans may play some critical roles in preventing the cellular uptake of crystals. Although investigation in further detail is necessary, we speculate that these crystal-cell interactions, that is, the cellular uptake of crystals and cell proliferation, may be among the earliest processes in the formation of kidney stones.

Adhesion of calcium oxalate crystals to Madin-Darby canine kidney cells and some effects of glycosaminoglycans or cell injuries.

The present investigation studied the quantitative adhesion of calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) crystals to the surface of Madin-Darby canine kidney cells, which exhibit many characteristics of renal cortical collecting tubule cells. COM crystals adhered to the cell surface, and the attachment showed a time and concentration dependency with plateau. The results suggested that the attachment of microcrystals to the cortical tubular cell might be one of the earliest processes in the formation of kidney stones. Pretreatment with glycosaminoglycans significantly reduced the adherent crystals. Injuries to the Madin-Darby cells induced by 0.1 M HCl and gentamicin resulted in significant decreases of COM crystal adhesion to the cell surface. It was suggested that urinary glycosaminoglycans might play some critical role in preventing crystal adhesion to these cellular membranes and that cell injuries might not be essential for the attachment of microcrystals to the tubular cells.

PCNA AND P53 IN URINARY BLADDER CANCER : CORRELATION WITH HISTOLOGICAL FINDINGS AND PROGNOSIS

Background This study aimed to immunohistochemically examine the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigens (PCNA) and pS3 protein in transitional cell carcinomas (TCC) of the urinary bladder, and to investigate possible correlations of this expression with the tumor grade or stage, tumor recurrence, and prognosis of the disease.

Histological observations of the adhesion and endocytosis of calcium oxalate crystals in MDCK cells and in rat and human kidney

Adhesion and/or endocytosis of calcium oxalate crystals to the three kinds of tubular cells (Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells, rat and human kidney) were demonstrated morphologically to presume the initial formation of kidney stone. After removal of the nonadhesion crystals, the cells were subsequently recultured in the vertical position. At various times thereafter, the interactions between COM crystals and MDCK cells were evaluated morphologically by SEM. COM crystals adhered to the surface of MDCK cells immediately, and the crystals were then endocytosed. The microvilli of the cells appeared to play an important role in these processes. At later times, some complexes that consist of aggregated calcium oxalate crystals and cell debris were observed sporadically. Kidney tissues were obtained from male Sprague-Dawley rats which were injected with sodium oxalate intraperitoneally. Experimentally induced calcium oxalate crystals were evaluated histologically using polarized light microscopy. Some crystals in the cortical portion were attached to the tubular epithelium or internalized into the luminal membrane. Whereas in the papilla, the aggregated crystals were observed lying free from the degenerated tubular lumen along with the cell debris. Human kidney tissues were obtained from 38 patients with calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis who underwent nephrolithotomy or partial nephrectomy before the era of ESWL. The specimens were examined for calcium crystals within the tubular lumen, attached to the tubular walls or internalized into the tubular cells, by polarized light microscopy. Approximately 50% of the specimens observed crystals attached to the tubular cell epithelium and some of them were seen inside the tubular cells. In conclusion, crystal-cell interaction resulted in movement of crystals from the lumen into the cells by an action of microvilli from the results of MDCK cells. However, it was not clear from the results in rats or human kidney tissue that crystal adhesion and/or endocytosis might be vital in the crystal growth in the kidney.

Uterus Didelphys with Unilateral Imperforate Vagina and Ipsilateral Renal Agenesis

Uterus didelphys with unilateral imperforate vagina is rare. Interestingly, in all reported cases in which the urinary tract was investigated renal agenesis was found on the side of the obstructed hemivagina. We report 2 cases of this unusual and interesting condition, and review the embryogenesis of müllerian duct abnormalities associated with renal agenesis, as well as the clinical findings, diagnosis and management. We stress the importance of prompt and accurate diagnosis, and treatment as a means to avoid unnecessary surgical procedures.

Rice Bran Treatment for Hypercalciuric Patients with Urinary Calculous Disease

We report on the efficacy of rice bran in hypercalciuric patients with urinary calculous disease. After the administration of defatted rice bran at a dosage of 20 gm. daily for 4 weeks urinary calcium excretion was reduced significantly from 402 plus or minus 102 to 291 plus or minus 123 mg. per 24 hours. In 6 patients who showed a reduction of urinary calcium excretion an increase in urinary calcium excretion was observed 4 weeks after stopping the administration. All 7 patients who previously received defatted rice bran were given processed or rice bran free of phytin at a dosage of 20 gm. daily. The value of urinary calcium excretion increased again during the administration of processed rice bran but was less marked than that of the preceding 6 patients. Although it is interesting to debate whether the influence of rice bran on the urinary calcium excretion depends on the action of phytin or of other constituents defatted rice bran should be effective in reducing urinary excretion of calcium. These results would come up to the expectations of the patients with recurrent urinary calculous disease.

Retroperitoneal Castleman's Disease: A Case Report and Brief Review of Tumors of the Pararenal Area

We report a case of retroperitoneal Castlemans disease of the hyaline vascular type. The tumor was excised with the left kidney because of tenacious adhesion to the renal pedicle. We suggest that knowledge of Castlemans disease in the retroperitoneal area would help to avoid an unnecessarily extensive operation.

Clinical Study on Occupational Uroepithelial Cancer in Wakayama City

AbstractThere were 64 confirmed cases of occupational uroepithelial cancer in Wakayama City, Japan. The annual morbidity per 100,000 exposed persons was 198.3. The latent period ranged from 5 to 45 years, with an average of 21.1 plus or minus 9.8 years (standard deviation). The latent period tended to be shorter as age advanced.Cytological examinations were useful for early discovery of occupational uroepithelial cancer.