Shoji Shinkai

Exercise-induced changes in the expression of surface adhesion molecules on circulating granulocytes and lymphocytes subpopulations

This study examined the relationship between exercise-induced changes in the concentration of circulating immunocompetent cells and their surface expression of adhesion molecules: L-selectin (CD62L) and threeβ2-integrins [LFA-1(CD11a/CD18), Mac-1 (CD11b/CD18), and p150/95(CD11c/CD18)]. Eight young male volunteers exercised on a cycle ergometer for 60 min at 60% maximal oxygen uptake. Peripheral blood samples, collected every 30 min throughout exercise and during the 2-h recovery period, were used for flow-cytometric analysis. The experimental results were compared with control data obtained ever 60 min at corresponding times of the nonexercise day. The exercise regimen induced a granulocytosis and a lymphocytosis, mainly due to an elevation of CD8+ and CD16+ cells. During recovery, a further granulocytosis occurred but accompanied by a lymphopenia. The increased CD8+ cell-count during exercise was characterized by a selective mobilization of the CD62L− and CD11ahigh cells, i.e.primed CD8+ cells. A postexercise suppression of CD4+ cell-count was derived only from CD62L+ cells. The CD11b+ and CD11c+ lymphocytes also increased during exercise, largely attributable to an increase in CD16+ cells which co-expressed CD11b and CD11c molecules. The CD62L surface density of granulocytes increased significantly during recovery. This resulted from a selective influx of CD62Lhigh granulocytes into the circulation. There were no significant changes in per-cell density of the threeβ2-integrins on granulocytes and lymphocytes throughout the experimental period. These results suggest that the cell-surface expression of CD62L (and CD I la) molecules is associated with the differential mobilization of CD8+ cells during exercise, the postexercise suppression of CD4− cell-counts and the granulocytosis following exercise.

Longitudinal changes in higher-level functional capacity of an older population living in a Japanese urban community

This study examined the present state and longitudinal changes in higher-level functional capacity in a Japanese urban community. Persons aged 65-84 years living in a suburb of central Tokyo participated in a baseline survey held in 1991 (n = 814) and followed-up for 8 years. Outcome measures were disabilities in: instrumental self-maintenance (IADL), the intellectual activity scale (intellectual activity) and the social role scale (social role), as measured by subscales of the Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology Index of Competence (TMIG-index of competence). At baseline among the three subscales, both older men and women had the highest prevalence of disability in social role, followed in turn by intellectual activity and IADL disability. The 8-year longitudinal survey on subjects who had no initial disability (229 men and 235 women) in all three subscales of TMIG-index of competence demonstrated that they were most likely to lose social role function with advancing age, followed in turn by intellectual activity and IADL. The Cox proportional hazard model analysis for all 814 participants revealed that baseline level of social role and intellectual activity significantly predicted the new onset of IADL disability during the 8-year follow-up period even after controlling for gender, age, and chronic medical conditions. In summary, disability in social role and intellectual activity do not only likely precede IADL disability, but also predict significantly the future onset of IADL disability in a Japanese urban community older population.

Predictors for the onset of functional decline among initially non‐disabled older people living in a community during a 6‐year follow‐up

Background:u2003 Predictors for functional decline in basic activities of daily living (BADL) among older people have been extensively studied. However, relatively little is known about predictors for decline in instrumental activities of daily living (IADL).

Effects of moderate endurance exercise and training on in vitro lymphocyte proliferation, interleukin-2 (IL-2) production, and IL-2 receptor expression

AbstractThis study was designed to examine immunological responses to an acute bout of cycle ergometry exercise before and after moderate endurance training. Previously sedentary males were randomly assigned to matched training (n=9) or control (n=6) groups. Training comprised 12 weeks during which supervised cycle ergometer exercise took place [30 min at 65–70% of maximal oxygen intaken

Prevalence and characteristics of older community residents with mild cognitive decline

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Salivary cortisol for monitoring circadian rhythm variation in adrenal activity during shiftwork

n, 4–5 days · week−1]. An acute bout of exercise (60 min; 60%n

An intervention study to improve the nutritional status of functionally competent community‐living senior citizens

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