Shun Kondo

Immotile Cilia Syndrome Associated with Polycystic Kidney

The immotile cilia syndrome is an inherited disorder characterized by the inability of ciliated structures to beat effectively. The urological manifestation of this syndrome is sterility. We report a case of the immotile cilia syndrome associated with polycystic kidney, which also is a hereditary disease.

Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy Affects the Endothelin Receptor Density in the Human Urinary Bladder and Prostate

The effects of benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) on the endothelin (ET) receptor density in the lower urinary tract tissues were studied using radioligand binding techniques. Saturation experiments revealed that there were significant amounts of the binding sites for the ET isoforms (ET-1, -2, -3) in the human bladder and prostate in both prostate hypertrophy (PH) and nonhypertrophy (NPH) patients. Autoradiograms of hypertrophic adenoma showed that ET-1 receptors were localized in both the stromal and glandular tissue. In the bladder and the prostate, the KD values were not significantly different between the PH and NPH groups. In the bladder dome, the Bmax values of 125I-ET-1, -2 and -3 decreased significantly in the PH groups, while, in the adenoma, they increased significantly in the PH group. BPH was found to affect the ET receptor density in both the bladder and the prostate. These data suggest that ETs are involved in the pathophysiology of BPH.

Muscarinic Cholinergic Receptor Subtypes in Human Detrusor Muscle Studied by Labeled and Nonlabeled Pirenzepine, AFDX-116 and 4DAMP

The densities of M1, M2 and M3 muscarinic receptors in human detrusor muscle were measured using 3H-pirenzepine (3H-PZP), 3H-AFDX-116 (3H-AFDX) and 3H-4-diphenyl-acetoxy-N-methyl-piperidine methidide (3H-4DAMP). The affinities of PZP, AFDX and 4DAMP for human detrusor were determined in inhibition experiments with 3H-quinuclidinyl benzilate (3H-QNB). Saturation experiments with 3H-PZP, 3H-AFDX and 3H-4DAMP revealed the presence of M1, M2 and M3 receptors in human detrusor. The KD values (nM) and the Bmax values (fmol/mg protein) (mean +/- SD, n = 6) were 0.84 +/- 0.15 and 13.04 +/- 1.54 for 3H-PZP, 0.68 +/- 0.21 and 9.30 +/- 1.10 for 3H-AFDX, and 0.25 +/- 0.13 and 102.1 +/- 7.40 for 3H-4DAMP. These data indicate that the bladder muscarinic receptors consist mainly of the M3 subtype. Nonlabeled PZP, AFDX and 4DAMP inhibited the 3H-QNB binding to human detrusor with Ki values (nM) (mean +/- SD, n = 6) of 243 +/- 62.5, 59.7 +/- 15.3, 2.69 +/- 0.96, respectively. Human detrusor was found to have a high affinity for 4DAMP. These data suggest that M3 muscarinic receptors are biochemically predominant in human detrusor muscle.

Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate Production and Contractile Response Induced by Beta-Adrenoceptor Subtypes in Rabbit Urinary Bladder Smooth Muscle

The spontaneous contractile force of muscle strips isolated from male rabbit urinary bladder dome [detrusor) and base (trigonal muscle) was dose dependently inhibited by isoproterenol, a non-specific beta-adrenoceptor agonist. The relaxant response to 10(-6) M isoproterenol in the detrusor muscle was completely blocked by butoxamine (10(-4) M), a selective beta-2-antagonist, and by propranolol (10(-6) M), a non-specific beta-antagonist, but not by metoprolol (10(-6) to 10(-4) M), a selective beta-1-antagonist. Relaxation of trigonal muscle induced by 10(-6) M isoproterenol was inhibited 30% by metoprolol (10(-5) M), 70% by butoxamine (10(-4)M), and 100% by propranolol (10(-6) M). Terbutaline, a selective beta-2-adrenoceptor agonist, also caused dose dependently a relaxant response in detrusor and trigonal muscle. The maximum relaxant responses to isoproterenol and terbutaline were significantly greater in detrusor than in trigonal muscle. Dobutamine, a relatively specific beta-1-adrenoceptor agonist, caused a small but significant relaxant response in trigonal, but no change in detrusor muscle. In trigonal muscle the relaxant response to dobutamine was less than that to terbutaline. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate accumulation in detrusor did not significantly increase after administration of dobutamine, but significantly increased after administration of terbutaline. On the other hand, not only terbutaline, but also dobutamine, markedly increased cyclic adenosine monophosphate accumulation in trigonal muscle.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Characterization of autonomic receptors in neonatal urinary tract smooth muscle.

In the 1-day-old rabbit there are a large number of alpha-2- (labeled with [3H]yohimbine) than alpha-1- (labeled with [3H]prazosin) adrenergic receptors in the various parts of urinary tract smooth muscle, but the alpha-1 receptors are functionally more responsive to agonists than are the alpha-2 receptors. Unlike the findings in the adult rabbit, the neonatal bladder dome is functionally more sensitive to alpha-adrenergic agonists than the neonatal bladder base. The rank order of beta-adrenergic receptor densities (labeled with [3H]dihydroalprenolol) in various urinary tract smooth muscles correlates with the magnitude of the relaxant response to isoproterenol. There is a high number of functional muscarinic receptors (labeled with [3H]quinuclidinyl benzylate) in the neonatal urinary tract. The data demonstrate the existence of functional autonomic receptors in neonatal urinary tract smooth muscle.

Adrenergic and Cholinergic Muscarinic Receptors in the Prostate of Young and Old Rabbits

We measured the autonomic receptors in prostate homogenates of young (6 months) and old (4.5-5 years) rabbits in order to study the effect of age on the prostatic autonomic receptors using radioligand binding techniques. Saturation studies with 3H-prazosine, 3H-yohimbine, 3H-dihydroalprenolol and 3H-quinuclidinyl benzilate demonstrated a significant amount of alpha 1-, alpha 2-, beta-adrenergic and muscarinic cholinergic receptors in prostatic tissues of both young and old rabbits. There were more alpha 1- and alpha 2-receptors in the prostate of old rabbits, although these differences were not statistically significant. There was no difference in the amount of beta-adrenergic and muscarinic receptors in the prostates of young and old rabbits. But there was a difference in the distribution of these autonomic receptors in the prostates of young and old rabbits. These results suggest that aging may affect the distribution of autonomic receptors, but not significantly the amount of autonomic receptors in the rabbit prostate.

Effect of Calyceal Resection on Pelviureteral Peristalsis in Isolated Pig Kidney

Pelviureteral peristalsis in the isolated pig kidney with calyceal resection was studied by electromyography. Ureteral peristalsis normally remained under control of calyceal pacemakers while at least one of the upper, middle and lower major calyces of the isolated pig kidney was intact. After resection of all these calyces, uncontrolled spontaneous contractions began to arise from the renal pelvis, pelviureteral junction (PUJ) and stump of the ureter. In such kidneys, the PUJ and cut end of the ureter showed discharge potentials with irregular intervals while the potential recorded from the center of the pelvis had virtually constant intervals of discharge. The spontaneous contractions arising in the pelvis were rarely propagated to the PUJ and ureter, and there was irregular antiperistalsis of the ureter generating at the cut end and also irregular ureteral normoperistalsis originating at the PUJ and propagating to the ureter. With increased intrapelvic fluid infusion, the discharge interval of the renal pelvis shortened whereas that of the PUJ and ureter was prolonged. These facts suggest the importance of the calyceal pacemaker both as an origin of ureteral peristalsis and as a supervisor for maintaining normal ureteral peristalsis.

Effects of autonomic drugs on in vivo recording of electromyograms of canine renal pelvis and ureter.

The effects of the autonomic drugs (noradrenaline, isoproterenol and acetylcholine) and the urine volume change on the pacemaker of ureteral peristalsis were studied by our new method of the in vivo recording of electromyograms (EMGs) of canine renal pelvis. The EMGs of the pelvicalyceal region showed a two phasic slow-rising potential of amplitude of 20 microV and discharge interval of 5 s and was different from propagated waves and therefore considered to be the pacemaker potentials. In the diuretic state the pacemaker potentials kept a constant discharge interval. On the contrary, the discharge interval of the ureter EMG became shorter and finally corresponded to the pacemaker EMG one to one. These results suggest that the urine transport in the diuretic state is controlled by the change of efficiency of the peristaltic propagation and not by the changes of the discharge of the pacemaker itself. Noradrenaline promoted the ureteral peristalsis and isoproterenol inhibited the ureteral peristalsis. These two drugs had no effects on the pacemaker potentials. Acetylcholine had a great variety of the effects on the ureter EMG and the pacemaker EMG separately. These results suggest that the pacemaker of the ureteral peristalsis is controlled under the influence of the parasympathetic system and the ureter is controlled under the influence of both the sympathetic and parasympathetic system.

Effects of Dobutamine and Terbutaline on Adenylate Cyclase Activity and Cyclic AMP Content in the Renal Pelvis of Rabbits

We measured the adenylate cyclase activity and the cyclic AMP content of the upper and lower renal pelvis in rabbits in order to clarify whether cyclic AMP acted as the intracellular messenger of the response elicited by beta-agonists in renal pelvic smooth muscle. Adenylate cyclase activity was determined by the method of Salomon et al. and tissue cyclic AMP content by radioimmunoassay. Dobutamine elevated the adenylate cyclase activities and tissue cyclic AMP contents of the upper part of the renal pelvis more than those of the lower part of the renal pelvis. Terbutaline also elevated the adenylate cyclase activities and tissue cyclic AMP contents of both the upper and lower part of the renal pelvis. The terbutaline-induced increase was the same in the upper and lower pelvis. These data suggest that cyclic AMP acts as the intracellular second messenger in renal pelvic smooth muscle of rabbits. Furthermore it is thought that both beta 1- and beta 2-adrenergic receptors exist in rabbit renal pelvis and the distribution of these beta-receptor subtypes is different between the upper and lower part of the renal pelvis.

Bladder carcinoma with werner syndrome

Werner syndrome is a rapid premature aging disease and is considered chromosomal instability syndrome, occasionally associated with malignancy. Urologic malignancy associated with this syndrome is unusual. Herein we report a case of Werner syndrome with urinary bladder carcinoma.