Shuvendu Rana

3D video watermarking using DT-DWT to resist synthesis view attack

In this paper, a 3D video watermarking scheme is proposed for depth image based rendering (DIBR) based multi view video plus depth (MVD) encoding technique. To make the scheme invariant to view synthesis process in DIBR technique, watermark is inserted in a center view which is rendered from left and right views of a 3D video frame. A low pass center view, obtained from the motion compensated temporal filtering over all the frames of a GOP, is used for embedding to reduce the temporal flickering artifacts. To make the scheme invariant to the DIBR process, 2D DT-DWT block coefficients of low-pass center view are used for embedding by exploiting its shift invariance and directional property. A comprehensive set of experiments have been carried out to justify the robustness of the proposed scheme over existing schemes with respect to compression of the 3D-HEVC video codec and synthesis view attack.

Robust watermarking for resolution and quality scalable video sequence

Due to the increasing heterogeneity among the end using devices for playing multimedia content, scalable video communication attracts significant attention in recent days. As a consequence, content authentication or ownership authentication using watermarking for scalable video stream is becoming emerging research topic. In this paper, a watermarking scheme for scalable video is proposed which is robust against spatial and quality scalability. In the proposed scheme, a DC frame is generated by accumulating DC values of non-overlapping blocks for every frame in the input video sequence. DC frame sequence is up-sampled and subtracted from the original video sequence to generate residual frame sequence. Then Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) based temporal filtering is applied on DC as well as residual frame sequence. Watermark is embedded in low pass frames of DC frames and up sampled watermark is embedded in the low pass residual frames to achieve the graceful improvement of watermark signal in successive enhancement layer. A comprehensive set of experiments are done to justify the superiority of the proposed scheme over existing literature with respect to spatial and quality adaptation attacks as well as visual quality.

Blind 3D Video Watermarking Based on 3D-HEVC Encoder Using Depth

Due to enormous advancement of internet technology and display devices, 3D video becomes popular in recent times. To ensure secure media transmission, efficient authentication scheme for such 3D video sequence is a requirement. In recent past, watermarking is being regarded as a popular DRM tool for video authentication. It has been observed that video watermarking becomes a challenging task in the presence of advanced auto-stereoscopic display devices and MVD (Multi-view Video plus Depth) based encoding technique in case of 3D video. In this paper, depth image based rendering technique is proposed for blind 3D video watermarking. In this scheme, rendering technique is used to find the Z-axis of the stereo videos (left and right video). The connected regions of the Z-axis of a Group of Picture (GOP) have been filtered using the motion prediction of the video. Block DCT coefficients are used to embed the watermark signal with the selected Z-axis regions of the each video (left and right separately). A comprehensive set of experiments have been done to justify the robustness of the proposed scheme over existing schemes with respect to compression of the 3D-HEVC video codec.

Segmentation based 3D depth watermarking using SIFT

In this paper, a 3D image watermarking scheme is proposed to embed the watermark with the depth of the 3D image for depth image based rendering (DIBR) 3D image representation. To make the scheme invariant to view synthesis process, watermark is inserted with the scale invariant feature transform (SIFT) feature point locations obtained from the original image. Moreover, embedding zone for watermarking has been selected in such a way that no watermark can be inserted in the foreground object to avoid perceptible artefacts. Also, a novel watermark embedding policy is used to insert the watermark with the depth of the 3D image to resist the image processing attacks. A comprehensive set of experiments are carried out to justify the robustness of the proposed scheme.

MCDCT-TF based video watermarking resilient to temporal and quality scaling

Heterogeneity among the end using display devices and corresponding varying system requirements make scalable version of H.264/AVC standard more popular. Existing watermarking based authentication system may not be suitable well for this new extension, because the scalability property of the codec may itself is perceived as an attack popularly known as content adaptation attack. In this paper, a blind scalable video watermarking scheme is proposed, which is robust against quality and temporal scalability. In the proposed scheme, Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) based temporal filtering and wavelet based spatial filtering is used for choosing suitable watermark embedding zone. Experimental evidences are provided to justify the improved robustness of the proposed scheme over existing related watermarking schemes. The visual quality of the watermarked video has also been evaluated to show the efficiency of the proposed scheme.

Depth-Based View-Invariant Blind 3D Image Watermarking

With the huge advance in Internet technology as well as the availability of low-cost 3D display devices, 3D image transmission has become popular in recent times. Since watermarking has become regarded as a potential Digital Rights Management (DRM) tools in the past decade, 3D image watermarking is an emerging research topic. With the introduction of the Depth Image-Based Rendering (DIBR) technique, 3D image watermarking is a more challenging task, especially for synthetic view generation. In this article, synthetic view generation is regarded as a potential attack, and a blind watermarking scheme is proposed that can resist it. In the proposed scheme, the watermark is embedded into the low-pass filtered dependent view region of 3D images. Block Discrete Cosine Transformation (DCT) is used for spatial-filtration of the dependent view region to find the DC coefficient with horizontally shifted coherent regions from the left and right view to make the scheme robust against synthesis view attack. A comprehensive set of experiments have been carried out to justify the robustness of the proposed scheme over related existing schemes with respect to Stereo JPEG compression and different noise addition attacks.

RST invariant multi view 3D image watermarking using DWT and SVD

In this paper, a multi-view stereo image watermarking scheme is proposed to resist the RST (rotation, scaling and translation) attack. To make the scheme resilient to RST, the coefficients of Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) from both left and right views have been used for insertion of the watermark bits. 2D-DWT (Discrete wavelet transform) is used as a preprocessing step to get more correlated SVD coefficients of the left and right view such that the visual degradation due to embedding can be reduced. In this work, a blind embedding scheme is proposed by altering the selected SVD coefficients to improve the robustness of the embedding scheme. A comprehensive set of experiments have been performed to justify the robustness of the proposed scheme against RST attack. Moreover, this scheme can be used to detect the view swapping attack using DIBR technique.

Detection of motion vector based video steganography

In this paper, a new steganalysis technique is proposed to detect the motion vector based steganography for the compressed videos. The proposed scheme explores the flickering effect, the changes in the prediction error and statistical anomalies in the motion vectors due to embedding to detect the presence of steganographic messages. The experimental results show that the proposed method effectively detects the data embedded in motion vector based steganographic techniques more accurately than the already existing schemes.

Detection of fake 3D video using CNN

In this paper, a novel automatic fake and the real 3D video recognition scheme is proposed to distinguish the 3D video converted from the 2D video using 2D to 3D conversion process (say fake 3D) from the 3D video captured using direct capturing of the 3D camera (say real 3D). To identify the real and fake 3D, pre-filtration is done using the dual tree complex wavelet transform to emerge the edge and vertical and horizontal parallax characteristics of real and fake 3D videos. Convolution neural network (CNN) is used to train the 3D characteristics to distinguish the fake 3D videos from the real ones. A comprehensive set of experiments has been carried out to justify the efficacy of the proposed scheme over the existing literature.

A drift compensated reversible watermarking scheme for H.265/HEVC

In this paper, a compressed domain drift compensated reversible watermarking scheme is proposed with a high embedding capacity and the least amount of visual quality degradation for H.265/HEVC videos. Using compressed domain syntax elements, such as motion vector and transformed residual, a set of 4 × 4 Transform Blocks (TB) of similar texture are chosen from consecutive I Frames for watermark embedding. Due to texture similarity of these selected TBs, the differences between the transformed coefficients are equal or close to zero. Utilizing this difference statistics, a multilevel watermarking is inserted in the compressed video by altering near zeros values in the difference transformed coefficients. A comprehensive set of experiments have been carried out to justify the efficacy of the proposed scheme over existing literature.