Sibel Gür

Seroprevalance of Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR) in Goitered Gazelle (Gazella subgutturosa subgutturosa) in Turkey

Gazella subgutturosa subgutturosa (goitered gazelle) is a native species of Anatolia. Because of the risk of extinction, captured gazelles have been taken under protection in a restricted area at the Ceylanpinar state farm, Southeast Anatolia, Turkey. Peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) infection had been detected previously in domestic ruminant species in this region, like in many other parts of Turkey. In this study, serum samples from 82 goitered gazelle were tested using competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (c-ELISA). Based on the test results, PPRV-specific antibodies were detected in 10 gazelles (12%). All c-ELISA-positive sera were confirmed by virus neutralization test.

A investigation of border disease virus in sheep in Western Turkey

Border Disease also called Hairy Shaker Disease was initially described by Hughes et al. (1959). It has been shown that there are two biotypes of the virus based on growth characteristic, cytopathogenic (cp) and non-cytopathogenic (ncp). The most important factors determining the pathogenesis of pestiviral infections are the strain of virus itself and the immunological competence status of foetus. Sheep foetuses gain immuncompetence between day 60 and 80 during gestation. The optimal time for the establishment of specific immuntolerance is reported to be around Day 80. The infection up to Days 80 with cp biotype commonly results with foetal deaths, whereas ncp virus leads to birth of persistently infected (PI) animals (Malmquist 1968). These lambs generally die early in their life and surviving animals generally have growth retardation and they are very susceptible to all kind of secondary infections. Having immune system developed around Day 80 during gestation, the virus is encountered by foetal immune system. These lambs are generally born healthy and antibody positive (Osburn and Castrucci 1991). Pestiviruses cause economic loss by inducing abort and divers complications especially in PI animals (Reggiardo and Kaeberle 1981; Potgieter et al. 1984). The aim of this studywas to investigate Border Disease Virus as an etiologic agent in increasing abortus events in Afyonkarahisar province, Aegean Region, Turkey.

A serologic investigation for Peste des petits ruminants infection in sheep, cattle and camels (Camelus dromedarius) in Aydın province, West Anatolia

Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is economically important contagious viral disease of ruminants species in wide geographic area like Africa, Arabian Peninsula, Middle East and Southeastern Asia (Obi et al. 1984; Nanda et al. 1996; Dhar et al. 2002; Haroun et al. 2002; Albayrak and Alkan 2009; Al-Dubaib 2009). Sheep and goats are main hosts but all ruminants species are considering susceptible to the infection. Morbidity and mortality is variable in susceptible animals related to race and virulence of the virus (Taylor 1984; Dhar et al. 2002). PPRV is a morbillivirus in the Paramyxoviridae family. There is close antigenic relationship with rinderpest (RPV), canine distemper virus, measles virus, dolphin distemper virus, phocine distemper virus, porpoise distemper virus (Gibbs et al. 1979; Murphy et al. 1995; Barrett 1999). On the basis of partial sequence analysis of the fusion (F) gene of PPRV, 4 distinct lineages were identified so far. Lineage 4 was detected in India, Bangladesh, Pakistan and Iran in1994. Özkul et al. were detected same lineage in Turkey in 2002 but serological reports showed that the infection was introduced previously (Tatar et al. 2002). Morbidity was detected up to 100% in infected sheep and goat flocks, while between 8.39% and 47.17% in healthy flocks in Turkey (Özkul et al. 2002; Tatar et al. 2002). PPRV infection is well documented in small ruminants (Alçığır et al. 1996; Albayrak and Alkan 2009) but there is limited data on cattle and buffaloes in Turkey (Özkul et al. 2002; Tatar et al. 2002; Gür 2003). Camels (Camelus dromedarius) still having been breeding in a few provinces mainly in Aydın province but population decreased very much in last years because of loosing their economic importance. The objective of this study, to investigate the PPRV infection as serologically in Camels, sheep and cattle in Aydın province, Aegean region, Turkey. Trop Anim Health Prod (2010) 42:151–153 DOI 10.1007/s11250-009-9400-1

A serologic investigation of epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV) in cattle and Gazella subgutturosa subgutturosa in Turkey.

Epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV) is a vector-borne disease of ruminants disseminated in the tropic and subtropic zone of the world. Gazella subgutturosa subgutturosa (goitered gazelle) is native species of Anatolia. Due to risk of extinction, captured gazelles have been taken under protection in a restricted area at Ceylanpinar state farm. In this study, the presence of EHDV was investigated serologically in 82 goitered gazelle and 399 cattle. Seropositivity rates in goitered gazelle and cattle were detected as 2.43% and 3.50%, respectively.

Do the goats play a role in the spread of IBR infection under field conditions

AFB1 causes public health hazards by affecting 25% of worlds food crops. For optimum production performance from poultry, proper detoxification of AFB1 in feed is mandatory. This study was designed to analyze the chemical detoxification potential of four commercially available toxin binders (activated charcoal, kaolin, vitamin E and selenium, myco-AD) in experimental quails fed with AFB1 added diets. For this purpose, 360 quail birds (divided in 6 groups) were reared in experimental conditions. Positive and negative control groups were fed basal diet and basal diet with 0.5mg/kg AFB1, respectively. Treatment groups were fed 4 different experimental diets with 0.5 mg/kg of AFB1 contamination and chemical binders added according to recommended dose rate. Growth parameters (feed intake, body weight gain &feed conversion ratio), hematology (hemoglobin, hematocrit, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, total leukocyte count), immune response and histopathology of soft organs (liver, kidney, lungs) of all the experimental birds were weekly recorded for 6 weeks and results were analyzed by Repeated Measure of ANOVA and Duncan Multiple Range Test. Results showed significant reduction in all the deleterious effects of AFB1 in all the tested parameters during the course of study. All the toxin binders brought significant changes (P < 0.05) in tested parameters. The active ingredient of Myco AD (Hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate, HSCAS) and Vitamin E and selenium were found as better detoxifying agent among the toxin binders used in this study. This study reports the success of commercially available toxin binders as chemical detoxification agent for the quails, an emerging protein source in thickly populated developing countries.At the world level, the camel farming is changing in many countries in relationship with 3 main drivers: The market integration of the camel products in a globalized and more urbanized world, the climatic changes leading to a scarcity of the natural resources and consequently to the intensification of camel production, and the growing interest for the camel products (especially milk and meat) due to their dietetic and medicinal properties (true or expected). Especially, the intensification of camel farming (in-door feeding, use of biotechnology of reproduction, milking machine, etc.) has a significant impact on the health status of the animal. Among the changes induced by the modern farming system, we can list the followings: The change from poor nutritive but diversified feeding in desert to monotonous but rich diet (energy-protein) with a decrease in the mobility; the early weaning of the camel calf for getting the milk; the concentration of the animals, formerly poorly gregarious and the use of techniques (for example milking machine) based on cows management not necessary adapted to camel. Those changes could lead to the increasing risk of metabolic diseases, to the emergence of “diseases of production” (infertility, mastitis), and to a large dissemination of parasitic diseases (as mange for example). Face to these changes, the veterinarian has to develop investigations or specific approaches (like Ecopathology) to document the health status of the camels in this new context. Some examples are given in the present communication.The objectives of this study were, to find the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of L. monocytogenes from a total of 116 chicken meat samples including 50 carcasses and 66 meat parts marketed in Turkey between 2008 and 2009 using immunomagnetic separation (IMS) based cultivation technique, to detect the hlyA gene for the verification of the isolates by PCR, and to identify the genoserotypes of the L. monocytogenes isolates by multiplex PCR assay. In the study, 51 L. monocytogenes colonies were isolated from 34 (29.3%) chicken meat samples (eleven [22.0%] carcasses and 23 [34.8%] pieces of meat) by IMS based cultivation technique and confirmed by PCR. According to the multiplex PCR results, all the 51 isolates were identified as genoserotype IIa (1/2a or 3a). L. monocytogenes isolates were also tested for their susceptibility to eight antibiotic (gentamicin, vancomycin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, tetracycline, ampicillin, penicillin G, erythromycin) agents using the disk diffusion method. 14 isolates (27.45%) were susceptible to all eight antimicrobials drugs tested and the remaining 37 isolates (72.54%) were resistant to gentamicin (one isolate, 1.96%), vancomycin (four isolates, 7.84%), penicillin G (six isolates, 11.76%), streptomycin (nine isolates, 17.64%; resistant or intermediate), tetracycline (seven isolates, 13.72%) and ampicillin (six isolates, 11.76%). This study showed that antimicrobial resistance is not highly prevalent in L. monocytogenes isolated from chicken carcasses and pieces of meat. The presence of L. monocytogenes in chicken samples suggests an importance of this pathogen in chicken.